DataSheet1_Model-based process optimization of black soldier fly egg production.pdf

Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) serve as a valuable protein source for animal feed. Limiting factors in the industrial rearing of BSF are the reproduction process and egg output. Studies indicate the potential to shorten preoviposition time and increase egg output through better utilization of environmental variables, such as temperature and light, in industrial settings. Excessive stimulation, however, can lead to stress, elevated production costs, and reduced egg numbers, emphasizing the need for a delicate balance. This study addresses these challenges by investigating controlled manipulation of environmental variables to stimulate mating and enhance egg production, thereby developing a comprehensive model encompassing the adult fly life cycle, mating, and egg production. Model parameters were fitted using literature data, and the model’s plausibility was tested through simulations. Using the model and optimal control methods, the calculated dynamic trajectories for environmental variables when compared to the standard approach in a constant environment demonstrated higher output and shorter production cycles at reasonable energy costs. Applications for this model-based optimization are demonstrated for various scenarios, highlighting the practical utility and versatility of the developed model. This study contributes valuable insights for improving rearing practices of BSF through environmental stimulation, offering potential advancements in egg production efficiency and overall sustainability.

黑水虻（Black soldier fly, BSF，学名Hermetia illucens）幼虫是极具应用价值的动物饲料蛋白源。当前黑水虻工业化养殖的核心限制因素在于成虫繁殖过程与产卵量。现有研究表明，在工业化养殖场景中通过优化调控温度、光照等环境变量，有望缩短成虫产卵前期并提升产卵量。但过度的环境刺激会引发成虫应激反应，推高生产成本并降低产卵量，这凸显了环境调控需把握精细平衡的必要性。本研究针对上述挑战，通过精准调控环境变量以刺激成虫交配、提升产卵量展开相关研究，进而构建了涵盖成虫生命周期、交配行为与产卵过程的综合模型。研究采用文献数据对模型参数进行拟合，并通过仿真实验验证了模型的合理性。结合该模型与最优控制方法计算得到的环境变量动态调控轨迹，与恒定环境下的标准养殖方案相比，可在合理能源成本范围内实现更高的养殖产出与更短的生产周期。本研究展示了该基于模型的优化方法在多种养殖场景中的应用效果，凸显了所开发模型的实用性与通用性。本研究为通过环境调控优化黑水虻养殖实践提供了重要参考，有望提升产卵效率并推动养殖整体可持续性发展。