Limitations and advances in new treatments and future perspectives of corneal blindness

ABSTRACT This review is intended to describe the therapeutic approaches for corneal blindness, detailing the steps and elements involved in corneal wound healing. It also presents the limitations of the actual surgical and pharmacological strategies used to restore and maintain corneal transparency in terms of long-term survival and geographic coverage. In addition, we critically review the perspectives of anabolic agents, including vitamin A, hormones, growth factors, and novel promitotic and anti-inflammatory modulators, to assist corneal wound healing. We discuss the studies involving nanotechnology, gene therapy, and tissue reengineering as potential future strategies to work solely or in combination with corneal surgery to prevent or revert corneal blindness.摘要 本综述旨在阐述角膜盲的治疗方案，详细说明角膜伤口愈合所涉及的步骤与相关要素。本综述同时阐明了当前用于恢复并维持角膜透明性的手术与药物治疗策略，在长期疗效与地域覆盖范围层面存在的局限性。此外，本文批判性评述了用于辅助角膜伤口愈合的合成代谢制剂的研究前景，包括维生素A、激素、生长因子以及新型促有丝分裂与抗炎调节剂。本文还探讨了纳米技术、基因治疗与组织工程重构相关研究，将其作为潜在的未来治疗策略，可单独应用或联合角膜手术，以预防或逆转角膜盲。