Data from: Molecular phylogenetics of Kosteletzkya (Malvaceae, Hibisceae) reveals multiple independent and successive polyploid speciation events

Kosteletzkya s.s. is a genus of 17 species (excluding the endemic species
of Madagascar), found in the New World, continental Africa, Madagascar,
and Southeast Asia. Recent chromosome counts revealed diploid, tetraploid,
and hexaploid species. To estimate the history of the genus, we sequenced
nuclear and plastid loci for nearly all Kosteletzkya spp., in the majority
of cases, with multiple accessions per species. The African species form a
paraphyletic grade relative to a New World clade. Polyploidy has occurred
only in some African species, resulting in the relatively ancient
formation of one putative autotetraploid species (K. semota), one recent
allotetraploid species (K. borkouana), two relatively ancient
allotetraploid species (K. begoniifolia and K. rotundalata) and one recent
allohexaploid species (K. racemosa). Our inferences regarding the
hypothesized parentage of the polyploids mostly corroborate previous work
based on chromosome-pairing patterns in artificial hybrids, highlighting
the utility of these complementary data sources.

狭义Kosteletzkya属（Kosteletzkya sensu stricto）包含17个物种（不含马达加斯加特有种），其自然分布涵盖新大陆、非洲大陆、马达加斯加以及东南亚地区。近期的染色体计数研究显示，该属存在二倍体、四倍体与六倍体物种。为推断该属的演化历史，我们对几乎所有狭义Kosteletzkya属物种的核基因座与质体基因座进行了测序；在多数类群中，每个物种均设置了多份重复采样标本。相较于新大陆支系（clade），非洲物种构成了一个并系类群（paraphyletic grade）。多倍化事件仅发生于部分非洲物种中，由此形成了如下类群：1个推测为同源四倍体（autotetraploid）的古老物种（K. semota）、1个新近形成的异源四倍体（allotetraploid）物种（K. borkouana）、2个较为古老的异源四倍体（allotetraploid）物种（K. begoniifolia与K. rotundalata），以及1个新近形成的异源六倍体（allohexaploid）物种（K. racemosa）。我们针对多倍体推测亲本起源所做出的推断，大多佐证了此前基于人工杂交种染色体配对模式所开展的研究，凸显了这类互补数据来源的应用价值。