Agricultural sector development and elasticity of its links with the food security level

Purpose. The purpose of the article is the assessment of the countries’ food security level and its connection with the agricultural sector results. Methodology / approach. The methodology for calculating the food security level is proposed by international organizations, national authorities, and individual researchers. Due to the fact that food security is a complex flexible concept and cannot be limited to the determination of one separate indicator, we propose to calculate a complex general indicator of food security level using the integral taxonomic estimation method and compare its results with those which provided by international organizations, in particular the Global Food Security Index developed by Economist Impact and supported by Corteva Agriscience and Food Security Index developed by Deep Knowledge Analytics. Results. The article proposes the calculation of countries’ food security level using the integrated rating evaluation method and comparing its results with the results provided by different international organizations, identification of problematic local components of food security, and improving food security mechanism. Correlation coefficients and multivariate regression of dependence of global food security index on affordability, availability, quality and safety, sustainability and adaptation are presented. Functions of subjects of different levels of the hierarchy during interaction to ensure food security are considered. Components of food security ensuring mechanism, which will lead to innovations in food security, are proposed. The obtained results show that the availability of large fertile land and labor resources in the country, and the presence of favorable natural and climatic conditions for farming are insufficient for the high food security level, so it is also necessary to ensure food infrastructure in the country, the concern of the authorities for the citizens standard of living, ensuring political stability, etc. Originality / scientific novelty. The level of food security is calculated and compared with the results of international organizations, using the maximum set of publicly available indicators, which include systems supporting food production, food distribution and supply chains, and food consumption indicators. The indicators that have the greatest impact on the food security level were identified, which will make it possible to influence these indicators timely to ensure a sufficient and acceptable food security level. Practical value / implications. Timely research of ensuring food security, which depends mainly on agricultural products and is implemented through the possibility of purchasing food, taking into account its price, purchasing power, and availability in the appropriate quantity and quality will lead to social stability, meeting the food necessity, the country's independence from imports, the development of its food production, the creation of reserves to stabilize food security in an emergency, unforeseen circumstances in the future. The results of the research can be useful both for agricultural enterprises and for the authorities, which must pursue a balanced state agricultural policy, take care of farmers’ financing, timely resource provision, and ensure a stable, accessible, sufficient, safe, and balanced nutrition level of the population.

研究目的：本文旨在评估各国粮食安全水平，并探析其与农业部门发展成果之间的关联。
研究方法：粮食安全水平的测算方法由国际组织、国家主管部门及个别研究者提出。鉴于粮食安全是一个复杂且具有灵活性的概念，无法仅通过单一指标进行界定，本文提出采用综合分类评估法测算粮食安全水平的综合总指标，并将测算结果与国际组织发布的相关指数进行对比，其中包括由经济学人影响力研究部（Economist Impact）开发、科迪华农业科技（Corteva Agriscience）支持的全球粮食安全指数（Global Food Security Index），以及由深度知识分析公司（Deep Knowledge Analytics）开发的粮食安全指数。
研究结果：本文提出采用综合评分评估法测算各国粮食安全水平，并将测算结果与不同国际组织发布的结果进行对比，识别粮食安全的区域性薄弱环节，同时优化粮食安全保障机制。本文还给出了全球粮食安全指数在可负担性、可获得性、质量与安全性、可持续性与适应性四个维度的相关系数及多元回归依赖模型。此外，本文探讨了不同层级主体在协同保障粮食安全过程中的职能作用，并提出了能够推动粮食安全领域创新的粮食安全保障机制构成要素。研究结果表明，一国仅拥有大面积肥沃耕地与劳动力资源，以及适宜农业生产的自然气候条件，并不足以实现高水平粮食安全；因此，还需完善国内粮食基础设施、保障当局对民众生活水平的关切、维护政治稳定等。
原创性与科学新意：本文采用涵盖粮食生产支撑体系、粮食分销与供应链体系及粮食消费指标在内的最全公开可用指标集，测算各国粮食安全水平并与国际组织的测算结果进行对比。研究识别了对粮食安全水平影响最大的指标，可通过及时调控这些指标以保障达到充足且合理的粮食安全水平。
实践价值与应用启示：粮食安全主要依赖农产品，并需结合食品价格、民众购买力及合适数量与质量的食品可获得性来实现保障。针对该领域开展及时研究，能够推动社会稳定、满足民众粮食需求、实现国家粮食进口自主、促进国内粮食生产发展、建立应急与未来突发状况下的粮食安全储备体系。本研究结果既可为农业企业提供决策参考，也可为相关主管部门提供支持，助力其制定均衡的国家农业政策、保障农户融资、及时提供资源支持，并确保民众获得稳定、可及、充足、安全且均衡的营养供给。