Chemical, diversity and biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Brazilian Cerrado plants

Abstract: This is a systematic review of scientific articles reporting the biodiversity of endophytic fungi isolated from endemic Cerrado plants in Brazil and exposes the potential applications of these microorganisms in the production of known and new metabolites. The “Portal de Periódicos” (CAPES), Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) databases were used. A total of 418 articles were found using the following sets of keywords: Endophytic, fungi, and Cerrado; endophytic, fungi, rupestrian, and grass lands; endophytic, fungi, Brazilian, and savanna; among these, 14 articles were selected. The articles were grouped into studies on the biodiversity of Cerrado endophytic fungi, chemical studies, and other subjects. All the articles were found to be related to the diversity present in the Cerrado of the southeastern and midwestern regions, they show high fungal biodiversity with Diaporthe genus predominant in almost all plants studied. In all the studies on the chemical diversity of endophytic fungi, new compounds or new natural products were found associated with a range of bioactivity, especially antifungal. It shows the great potential of endophytes in the production of new and bioactive secondary metabolites, as well as the unexplored chemical diversity of endophytes isolated from endemic plant species. The review shows that rare studies performed in regions where the Cerrado biome are predominant, including the central, north, and northeast regions, representing an important niche that is still unexplored.

摘要：本研究为系统性综述，梳理了报道巴西特有塞拉多（Cerrado）植物中分离得到的内生真菌（Endophytic fungi）生物多样性的学术文献，并揭示了这类微生物在生产已知及新型代谢产物方面的潜在应用价值。本研究检索使用了CAPES期刊门户（Portal de Periódicos）、ScienceDirect（科学直接数据库）、PubMed（PubMed数据库）、SciELO（SciELO数据库）以及健康虚拟图书馆（Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, BVS）。通过以下关键词组合共检索到418篇文献：内生真菌、塞拉多；内生真菌、岩生草原（rupestrian grasslands）；内生真菌、巴西稀树草原；最终筛选纳入14篇文献。纳入文献被分为三类：塞拉多内生真菌多样性研究、化学研究及其他主题。所有纳入文献均聚焦于巴西东南部与中西部地区塞拉多生境中的真菌多样性，研究结果显示该区域真菌多样性极高，拟茎点霉属（Diaporthe）为绝大多数供试植物中的优势真菌类群。在所有关于内生真菌化学多样性的研究中，均发现了与多种生物活性（尤其是抗真菌活性）相关的新化合物或新型天然产物。本综述证实了内生真菌在生产新型活性次级代谢产物方面的巨大潜力，同时也揭示了从特有植物物种中分离得到的内生真菌所蕴含的未被发掘的化学多样性。此外，本综述指出，在以塞拉多生物群系为主的中部、北部及东北部地区，相关研究仍较为匮乏，这代表了一个尚未被充分探索的重要研究领域。