Sacred vs Secular: Pre-Hispanic Village Landscapes in Southwest New Mexico

In the pre-Hispanic Southwest, it is well known that certain places on the regional landscape were considered sacred or ritually charged, such as summits, springs, and caves. Less understood is the way that sacred and secular spaces were partitioned within prehistoric villages. In this paper we examine the relationship among secular and sacred spaces during the PIII/PIV periods at two villages along the Rio Grande. Each village includes roomblocks, agricultural features, resource processing areas, shrines, and petroglyphs. One village is the previously recorded Yarborough Site, on Tierra Blanca Creek, in the eastern Mimbres region. The second village, the newly recorded Sato Pueblo, is located just northeast of Socorro. Despite having only distant social connections, we find remarkable similarities in the organization of sacred and secular spaces. This suggests that there was a regionally shared cosmology that guided local village planning.

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在西班牙殖民前的美国西南部地区，学界早已达成共识：区域景观中的部分场所被视为神圣或承载仪式意义，例如山峰、泉眼与洞穴。但史前村落内部神圣空间与世俗空间的划分模式，迄今仍较少被学界所阐释。本研究针对格兰德河沿岸两处史前村落，探讨其PIII/PIV时期神圣空间与世俗空间的布局关联。两处村落均包含房址群、农业遗存、资源加工区、祭祀坛与岩画。其中一处为此前已记录的亚伯勒遗址（Yarborough Site），坐落于东部明布雷斯地区的蒂埃拉布兰卡溪沿岸。另一处为新发现的萨托普韦布洛（Sato Pueblo），地处索科罗市东北郊。尽管两处村落仅存在微弱的社会联系，但其神圣与世俗空间的布局却呈现出显著的相似性。这表明当时存在一套区域共享的宇宙观，主导了当地村落的规划营建。

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