The General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS): Confirmatory Validation and Associations with Personality, Corporate Distrust, and General Trust

Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) may be predicted by individual psychological correlates, examined here. Study 1 reports confirmatory validation of the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS) following initial validation elsewhere. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (Positive, Negative) and showed good convergent and divergent validity with a related scale. Study 2 tested whether psychological factors (Big Five personality traits, corporate distrust, and general trust) predicted attitudes towards AI. Introverts had more positive attitudes towards AI overall, likely because of algorithm appreciation. Conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with forgiving attitudes towards negative aspects of AI. Higher corporate distrust led to negative attitudes towards AI overall, while higher general trust led to positive views of the benefits of AI. The dissociation between general trust and corporate distrust may reflect the public’s attributions of the benefits and drawbacks of AI. Results are discussed in relation to theory and prior findings.

本研究围绕可预测人工智能（Artificial Intelligence, AI）接受度的个体心理关联因素展开了考察。研究1对《人工智能通用态度量表》（General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale, GAAIS）进行了验证性效度检验，该量表此前已在其他研究中完成初步效度验证。验证性因素分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis）证实了该量表的双因子结构（积极态度、消极态度），且与相关量表相比具备良好的会聚效度与区分效度。研究2则检验了各类心理因素——大五人格特质（Big Five personality traits）、企业不信任感与普遍信任感——是否可预测个体对AI的态度。整体而言，内向者对AI的整体态度更为积极，这或许源于其对算法的偏好。尽责性与宜人性较高的个体，更易对AI的负面表现持包容态度。企业不信任感越强，个体对AI的整体态度越消极；而普遍信任感越高，个体对AI所带来的益处则持有越积极的看法。普遍信任感与企业不信任感之间的分离效应，或许反映了公众对AI利弊的归因差异。本研究结合相关理论与既往研究成果，对上述发现展开了讨论。