Search for neutrinos in coincidence with gravitational wave events from the LIGO-Virgo O3a Observing Run with the Super-Kamiokande detector - Data release

This data release is associated with the publication "Search for neutrinos in coincidence with gravitational wave events from the LIGO-Virgo O3a Observing Run with the Super-Kamiokande detector". It is available on arXiv and submitted to ApJ. The data release contains:<br> - figures from the paper and supplementary figures (e.g. different neutrino flavours for flux/Eiso limits)<br> - CSV file with full results of individual follow-ups (number of observed events, flux/Eiso limits)<br> - ROOT files with Super-Kamiokande detector effective area<br> - instruction file (README.txt) with details on how to read and use the content of the data release <em>The full author list and acknowledgements for the Super-Kamiokande collaboration are described in the article.</em> <strong>Full abstract:</strong> The Super-Kamiokande detector can be used to search for neutrinos in time coincidence with gravitational waves detected by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC). Both low-energy (7−100 MeV) and high-energy (0.1−105 GeV) samples were analyzed in order to cover a very wide neutrino spectrum. Follow-ups of 36 (out of 39) gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-2 catalog were examined; no significant excess above the background was observed, with 10 (24) observed neutrinos compared with 4.8 (25.0) expected events in the high-energy (low-energy) samples. A statistical approach was used to compute the significance of potential coincidences. For each observation, p-values were estimated using neutrino direction and LVC skymap; the most significant event (GW190602_175927) is associated with a post-trial p-value of 7.8% (1.4σ). Additionally, flux limits were computed independently for each sample, and by combining the samples. The energy emitted as neutrinos by the identified gravitational wave sources was constrained, both for given flavors as well as for all-flavors assuming equipartition between the different flavors, independently for each trigger and by combining sources of the same nature.本数据集关联论文《基于超级神冈探测器（Super-Kamiokande）搜寻与LIGO-Virgo第三阶观测Run O3a引力波事件符合的中微子》，该论文已提交至《天体物理学杂志》（Astrophysical Journal, ApJ）并发布于arXiv平台。 本数据集包含以下内容： - 论文正文配图及补充图表（例如针对流强/等效各向同性能量（Eiso）限制的不同中微子味类结果） - 包含单次跟进观测完整结果的CSV文件（含观测事件数、流强/Eiso限制值） - 包含超级神冈探测器有效面积数据的ROOT文件 - 说明文件（README.txt），详细阐述数据集内容的读取与使用方法。 *超级神冈合作组的完整作者名单及致谢信息详见该论文。* **完整摘要：** 超级神冈探测器可用于搜寻与LIGO-Virgo合作组（LIGO-Virgo Collaboration, LVC）探测到的引力波事件符合的中微子。本分析覆盖低能（7−100 MeV）与高能（0.1−105 GeV）两类中微子样本，以实现极宽的中微子能谱覆盖。本次分析针对GWTC-2星表中公布的39例引力波事件中的36例开展跟进观测；结果显示，高能（低能）样本中观测到10（24）例中微子，与背景预期事件数4.8（25.0）相比，未观测到显著超出背景的信号。本研究采用统计方法评估潜在符合事件的显著性：针对每一例观测，结合中微子入射方向与LVC天图估算p值，其中显著性最高的事件为GW190602_175927，其后验校正p值为7.8%（对应1.4σ显著性）。此外，本研究针对每一类样本及样本组合分别计算了流强限制。针对已识别的引力波源的中微子辐射能量，本研究分别针对单味中微子、以及假设不同味之间能量均分的全味情况，结合单次触发及同类引力波源组合分别开展了约束。