Dataset for The Relationship between Number Line Estimation and Mathematical Reasoning: A Quantile Regression Approach

The sample included in this dataset represents children who participated in a cross-sectional study, a smaller cohort of which was followed up as part of a longitudinal study reported elsewhere (Bull et al., 2021). In the original study, 347 children were recruited.
As data was found to be likely missing completely at random (χ2 = 29.445, df = 24, p = .204, Little, 1998), listwise deletion was used, and 23 observations were deleted from the original dataset.
This dataset includes three hundred and twenty-four participants that composed the final sample of this study (162 boys, Mage = 6.2 years, SDage = 0.3 years). Children in this sample were in their second year of kindergarten (i.e., the year before starting primary school) in Singapore.
The dataset includes children's sociodemographic information (i.e., age and sex) and performance on different general cognitive and mathematical skills. 
Mathematical tasks: 
- Computer-based 0-10 and 0-100 number line task
- Mathematical Reasoning and Numerical Operations subtests from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II (WIAT II). Though the Numerical operations subtest is not used in this study. 
General cognitive tasks: 
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Vocabulary)
- Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test (Non-verbal reasoning)
The variables included in this dataset are: 
Age = Child’s age (in months)
Sex = Boy/Girl (parent reported; boy=1, girl=2)
Ravens = Non-verbal reasoning (Raven’s Progressive Matrices test)
Ppvt = Vocabulary raw score (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test)
Maths_reason = Mathematical reasoning raw score (Math Reasoning subtest from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II)
Num_Ops = Numerical Operations raw score (Numerical Operations subtest from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II, not used in this study)
NLE10 = 0-10 number line (Percent absolute error)
NLE100 = 0-100 number line (Percent absolute error)
This dataset overlaps with the dataset that is the basis for: Ruiz, C., Kohnen, S., & Bull, R. (2023) Number Line Estimation Patterns and Their Relationship with Mathematical 
Performance. Journal of Numerical Cognition. Advance Online Publication  https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12698 
That project’s corresponding OSF page can be found here: https://osf.io/jat5h/ and the dataset is stored under embargo here: https://doi.org/10.25949/22558528.v1

本数据集收录的样本来自参与横断面研究的儿童，其中一小部分队列作为纵向研究的随访对象，相关内容已在其他文献中报道（Bull et al., 2021）。原始研究共招募347名儿童。
经检验，数据极可能为完全随机缺失（χ²=29.445，df=24，p=0.204，Little, 1998），故采用列删法处理，从原始数据集中剔除23条观测值。
最终有效样本共324名参与者（其中男孩162名，平均年龄为6.2岁，年龄标准差为0.3岁）。该样本中的儿童均就读于新加坡幼儿园中班（即小学入学前一年）。
本数据集涵盖儿童的社会人口学信息（年龄与性别）以及多项一般性认知与数学技能测验成绩。
数学任务：
1. 基于计算机的0-10与0-100数字线任务
2. 韦克斯勒个人成就测验第二版（Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II, WIAT II）中的数学推理与数值运算分测验——本研究未使用数值运算分测验。
一般性认知任务：
1. 皮博迪图片词汇测验（Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test，词汇能力）
2. 瑞文推理测验（Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test，非言语推理能力）
本数据集包含以下变量：
- Age：儿童年龄（单位：月）
- Sex：儿童性别（由家长报告，男孩=1，女孩=2）
- Ravens：非言语推理能力得分（瑞文推理测验结果）
- Ppvt：皮博迪图片词汇测验原始得分
- Maths_reason：数学推理原始得分（来源于韦克斯勒个人成就测验第二版的数学推理分测验）
- Num_Ops：数值运算原始得分（来源于韦克斯勒个人成就测验第二版的数值运算分测验，本研究未使用）
- NLE10：0-10数字线任务得分（百分比绝对误差）
- NLE100：0-100数字线任务得分（百分比绝对误差）
本数据集与以下文献的基础数据集存在重叠：Ruiz, C., Kohnen, S., & Bull, R. (2023) 《数字线估计模式及其与数学成绩的关系》，《数值认知期刊》在线预印发表. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12698
该项目的开放科学框架（Open Science Framework, OSF）页面可访问于：https://osf.io/jat5h/，本数据集的受限存储地址为：https://doi.org/10.25949/22558528.v1