Socio-demographic characteristics.

Vaccine acceptance is complex and context-specific, varying across time, place and perceived behavioural nature of the community involved. A high vaccine acceptance rate is important to achieve herd immunity, however, vaccine hesitancy is a possible barrier to this. This study aimed to assess attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to investigate the attitudes of Federal Capital Territory residents towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Nigeria. Data were collected using questionnaires which were administered to respondents physically and online through random and snowball sampling strategies respectively. Data received were then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A total of 1767 responses were received with males representing 57.8% of the sample. More than half (54.9%) of the respondents were between the ages of 18–30 years. A third (35.4%) of the study participants indicated that a vaccine was not necessary for COVID-19, and 56.5% indicated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination. The majority of the sample (56.9%) indicated that the government decision-making was in their best interest, whilst close to two-thirds of the respondents (61%) were of the view that COVID-19 vaccination should not be made compulsory. Older respondents as represented by those over 60 years were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccination (p = 0.039). This study however revealed negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, indicating the urgent need for government, policymakers, and other stakeholders to prioritise the development of strategies that can appropriately address vaccine hesitancy in the study setting. Contextual interventions indicated include strategic public enlightenment campaigns targeting populations with less favourable dispositions towards being vaccinated.

疫苗接受度是一个复杂且具情境特异性的概念，会随时间、地域以及所涉社区的感知行为特征发生变化。高疫苗接种接受率对于实现群体免疫（herd immunity）至关重要，但疫苗犹豫（vaccine hesitancy）可能成为达成这一目标的阻碍。本研究旨在评估民众对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫苗接种的态度及其相关影响因素。本研究针对尼日利亚联邦首都特区居民开展横断面调查（cross-sectional survey），以考察其新冠疫苗接种意愿。数据分别通过线下与线上问卷收集：线下采用随机抽样策略，线上则通过滚雪球抽样（snowball sampling）策略对受访者进行调研。回收的数据采用社会科学统计软件包（Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS）进行分析。本次调研共回收有效问卷1767份，其中男性占样本总量的57.8%。超过半数（54.9%）的受访者年龄介于18至30岁之间。三分之一（35.4%）的研究参与者认为新冠疫苗并非防控COVID-19的必要手段，而56.5%的受访者表示愿意接受新冠疫苗接种。多数受访者（56.9%）认为政府的决策符合其自身利益，同时近三分之二（61%）的受访者认为新冠疫苗接种不应被强制推行。以60岁以上群体为代表的年长受访者更倾向于接受新冠疫苗接种（p = 0.039）。不过本研究仍揭示了民众对新冠疫苗接种的负面态度，表明政府、政策制定者及其他利益相关者亟需优先制定相关策略，以在本研究的调研场景中妥善应对疫苗犹豫问题。研究提出的情境化干预措施包括：针对疫苗接种态度消极的人群开展针对性的公共宣传教育活动。