DRY EYE SYNDROME: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface, characterized by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular discomfort, and visual disturbances. DES affects millions worldwide, significantly reducing quality of life and productivity. This review synthesizes current scientific understanding of DES pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based preventive strategies.干眼症（Dry Eye Syndrome, DES），亦称干燥性角结膜炎（keratoconjunctivitis sicca, KCS），是一类累及泪膜与眼表的多因素疾病，以泪膜不稳定、高渗状态、眼部不适及视觉障碍为核心特征。该疾病在全球范围内影响数百万人群，显著降低患者的生活质量与工作效率。本综述综合了当前学界对于干眼症病理生理学、危险因素、诊断标准以及循证预防策略的科学认知。