From consensus to conflict and variety? On the increase in user-directed personal assistance - Survey, 2002

User-controlled personal assistance (BPA) has since 1994 had trial status through state action plans for the disabled. The number of users has increased rapidly until today. 1 May 2000 a change in the Social Services Act came in effect, stating that BPA is an initiative local authorities are required to have among its services. Tensions and conflicts of interest related to BPA which has scarcely been expressed in the trial, is expected to get stronger upon scaling up the service. Tensions have only rarely been taken up in connection with legislating BPA and will be reflected in the implementation by the solutions of which are left to the municipalities. Tensions can in various ways be linked to issues of whether BPA should be a system where the user control is kept strictly upheld or whether to develop pragmatic solutions that can be customized to wider audiences and municipal organization and practice. Specifically, they will be expressed in relation to questions about the scope and composition of the BPA, how the target group is delimited, how BPA is organized and how the assistants are recruited and what kind of working conditions they are provided. The project will elucidate through surveys and interviews with users of BPA and municipalities implementing the scheme.

用户主导型个人援助（User-controlled Personal Assistance, BPA）自1994年起便依托国家残疾人行动计划获得试点身份，其服务受众规模迄今仍呈快速增长态势。2000年5月1日，《社会服务法》修正案正式生效，明确规定BPA是地方当局必须纳入其公共服务体系的法定服务项目。试点阶段几乎未显现的与BPA相关的紧张关系与利益冲突，预计在服务规模扩大后将愈发凸显。在BPA的立法进程中，此类紧张关系极少被纳入讨论范畴，其后续落地实施将由各市政当局自主制定解决方案加以体现。此类紧张关系可从多维度关联至核心争议：即BPA究竟应成为严格保障用户主导权的制度体系，还是应开发适配更广泛受众、贴合地方组织架构与运营实际的务实解决方案。具体而言，这些争议将体现在以下一系列核心问题中：BPA的服务范围与构成应如何界定、目标群体如何划分、BPA的组织模式如何设定、援助人员的招募方式为何，以及应为其提供何种劳动条件。本项目将通过对BPA服务用户及落地该制度的市政当局开展调研与访谈，对上述议题展开阐释与分析。