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MammalBase — Dataset 01: Proximate Analysis values of wild animal diet components and less conventional human foods

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Mendeley Data2024-03-27 更新2024-06-27 收录
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Proximate analysis (PA) is a feedstuff analysis (Greenfield and Southgate 2003). PA mimics the animal digestion process and quantifies shares of organic and inorganic materials. It estimates the relative amounts of water (moisture), ash, crude fat (ether extract, lipid), crude protein, crude fiber and Nitrogen-free extract (sugars and starches) in a food item (Henneberg and Stohmann 1860). This dataset comes from MammalBase (www.mammalbase.net) and is updated periodically. The chemical compound data for proximate analysis of food items come from primary sources. The focus is on wild animal diet components and less conventional human foods, avoiding (but not excluding entirely) cultivated crops or bred animals. In particular, domesticated fruits are excluded from the database using the definition and classification of fruit commodities by FAO (1996). Domesticated fruits have less fibre, protein, and calcium but more sugar than wild fruits (Oftedal and Allen 1996; Schwitzer et al. 2009). Many of the reported values miss the moisture. For this reason, we discarded water and renormalised the chemical composition on a dry matter basis. Taxonomic standardisation of the food items We matched all food item and chemical compound data against the taxonomic backbone from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (http://www.itis.gov). ITIS provides a taxonomic hierarchy, which enabled calculating average Chemical compound data for higher taxonomic levels. References Atwater WO, Woods CD, 1896. The chemical composition of American food materials. Farmers' Bulletin No. 28. US Department of Agriculture. Washington. FAO: Draft definition and classification of commodities, w2979. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef08e.htm (1996) Greenfield, H., Southgate, D.A.: Food composition data: production, management, and use. Food & Agriculture Org. (2003) Henneberg, W., 1860. Beiträge zur begründung einer rationellen fütterung der wiederkäuer: Praktisch-landwirthschaftliche und chemischphysiologische untersuchungen. Für landwirthe und physiologen (Vol. 1). CA Schwetschke und sohn. Oftedal, O.T., Allen, M.E.: The feeding and nutrition of omnivores with emphasis on primates (1996)

概略养分分析法(Proximate Analysis, PA)属于饲料分析范畴(Greenfield与Southgate,2003)。该方法模拟动物消化过程,对样品中有机与无机物质的占比进行定量分析,可测定食品样品中水分(湿基)、灰分、粗脂肪(乙醚浸出物,脂类)、粗蛋白质、粗纤维以及无氮浸出物(糖与淀粉)的相对含量(Henneberg与Stohmann,1860)。 本数据集源自MammalBase(网址:www.mammalbase.net),并定期进行更新维护。食品样品概略养分分析相关的化合物数据均来自一手原始资料。 数据集的聚焦对象为野生动物膳食组分与非常规人类食用食品,尽量规避(但未完全排除)栽培作物或人工繁育动物来源的样品。具体而言,依据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)1996年发布的果品商品定义与分类标准,人工栽培果品被排除出本数据库。相较于野生果品,人工栽培果品的纤维、蛋白质与钙含量更低,而糖含量更高(Oftedal与Allen,1996;Schwitzer等,2009)。 大量已报道的养分数据缺失水分含量项,因此我们剔除了水分指标,并将所有化学成分数据以干物质为基础进行了归一化处理。 食品样品的分类学标准化 我们将所有食品样品与化合物数据与综合分类学信息系统(Integrated Taxonomic Information System, ITIS,网址:http://www.itis.gov)的分类学主干数据进行了匹配对齐。该系统提供了完整的分类学层级体系,支持对更高分类阶元的平均化合物数据进行计算。 参考文献 Atwater WO, Woods CD,1896. 《美国食品原料的化学组成》,《农民公报》第28号,美国农业部,华盛顿特区。 联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO):《商品定义与分类草案》,w2979,http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef08e.htm,1996年 Greenfield H, Southgate DA,2003. 《食品成分数据:生产、管理与应用》,粮食及农业组织 Henneberg W,1860. 《反刍动物合理饲养的理论基础:实用农业与化学生理学研究》,《供农学家与生理学家参考》(第1卷),CA Schwetschke und Sohn出版社 Oftedal OT, Allen ME,1996. 《杂食动物的饲养与营养:以灵长类为重点》
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2023-10-10
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