Youth Drug Abuse, ADHD and Related Disorders

There are two major aims with this study. 1. To describe the developmental trajectory of (a) a community-based sample of youth with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD that has been prospectively followed from childhood into adulthood (approximately a 17-year span), and (b) a clinical sample of youth that received drug abuse treatment during adolescence (variable time span). 2. To examine the association of phenotypes of drug involvement severity and risk alleles that prior research has suggested to be associated with drug abuse and externalizing disorders. The sample (N=607) consists of three groups based on youth status: Treatment, High Risk, and Control. These groups are defined as follows: Treatment - attended treatment or a brief intervention for a substance use disorder during adolescence (n=402); High Risk - elevated scores on standardized measures of disruptive behaviors during childhood based on teacher and parent reports (n=142); Control - normative scores during childhood on standardized measures of disruptive behaviors based on teacher and parent reports, and absent of any DSM-based behavioral/mental disorder when assessed during childhood based on parent report (n=66). Among the 610 participants who provided DNA, 607 are usable samples.]]> Treatment Sample: age 12-19 years at baseline; met DSM-based diagnosis during past year for at least one substance use disorder (SUD) based on self-report; and was receiving intensive treatment or a brief intervention to address the SUD. High Risk Sample: age 7-11 years at baseline; identified at baseline as having cross-setting disruptive behavior based on scores derived from the teacher and parent Conners' Hyperactivity Index; and did not withdraw from the study during the two subsequent childhood assessments. Control Sample: age 7-11 years at baseline; normative scores at baseline on the teacher and parent Conners' Hyperactivity Index; absent at baseline of any DSM-based behavioral/mental disorder based on parent report; and did not withdraw from the study during the two subsequent childhood assessments. For all samples, parent consent and child assent were required, and an exclusion criteria was evidence of developmental disability in the child. ]]>本研究设定两大核心目标： 1. 描述两类研究队列的发展轨迹：（a） 基于社区招募的、自儿童期至成年期被前瞻性追踪约17年的童年期确诊注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）青少年样本；（b） 于青少年阶段接受药物滥用治疗的临床青少年样本（随访时长不定）。 2. 探究物质使用严重程度表型与风险等位基因之间的关联——既往研究已证实此类等位基因与药物滥用及外化性障碍存在相关性。 本研究总样本量为607例，基于青少年的研究状态分为三组：治疗组、高风险组与对照组，分组标准如下： - 治疗组：青少年阶段因物质使用障碍（substance use disorder, SUD）接受治疗或简短干预，共402例； - 高风险组：基于教师与家长报告的标准化量表得分显示童年期存在破坏性行为风险，共142例； - 对照组：基于教师与家长报告的标准化量表得分显示童年期破坏性行为处于正常范围，且经家长报告评估，童年期无任何基于精神障碍诊断与统计手册（DSM）界定的行为或精神障碍，共66例。 在提供DNA样本的610名参与者中，共有607份可用样本。 各队列详细纳入标准如下： - 治疗组样本：基线年龄为12~19岁；过去一年经自我报告确诊至少一种物质使用障碍（SUD），且正接受针对该障碍的强化治疗或简短干预。 - 高风险组样本：基线年龄为7~11岁；基线时基于教师与家长康纳斯多动指数（Conners' Hyperactivity Index）得分，被判定存在跨场景破坏性行为，且在后续两次童年期评估中未退出研究。 - 对照组样本：基线年龄为7~11岁；基线时教师与家长康纳斯多动指数得分处于正常范围，经家长报告确认基线时无任何基于DSM界定的行为或精神障碍，且在后续两次童年期评估中未退出研究。 所有研究队列均需获得家长知情同意与儿童知情同意，研究的排除标准为儿童存在发育障碍。