Longhorn beetles and predatory clerid beetles attracted to a blend of longhorn beetle pheromone compounds in a Central European oak forest (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Cleridae)

A blend of longhorn beetle pheromones was tested as a generic attractant for multiple longhorn beetle species in a Central European oak forest. Overall, 21 cerambycid species totalling 1,250 specimens were captured using two trap types. Panel traps captured more beetles than funnel traps. Significantly more adults of <em>Phymatodes testaceus</em> (L.) (Cerambycinae) and <em>Leiopus nebulosus</em> <em>nebulosus </em>(L.) (Lamiinae) were caught in baited traps compared to controls. Significant numbers of four other species were caught in panel traps but not funnel traps. For the cerambycine <em>Pyrrhidium sanguineum </em>(L.), significantly more beetles were caught in treatment traps than controls. For the cerambycine <em>Anaglyptus mysticus </em>(L.), and lepturines <em>Cortodera humeralis </em>(Schaller) and <em>Rhagium sycophanta </em>(Schrank), the numbers of beetles caught in treatment or control traps were similar, indicating no attraction to the lure blend. Adults of a predatory clerid beetle <em>Clerus mutillarius</em> F. were caught in significantly larger numbers by both baited trap types in comparison to controls, totalling 1,514 specimens. Antennae of both sexes of <em>C. mutillarius</em> showed significant responses to 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 2-methylbutan-1-ol compared to solvent controls, and antennae from males also responded significantly to <em>syn</em>-2,3-hexanediol. Strong attraction of <em>C. mutillarius</em> suggests eavesdropping on the pheromones of cerambycids and that such attractant baits, without traps, might be used to manipulate the local population density of predators in a push-pull biological control program targeting wood-boring insects.本研究于中欧橡树林（Central European oak forest）中，将一种天牛（longhorn beetle）信息素（pheromones）混合物作为通用引诱剂（generic attractant），针对多种天牛物种开展引诱测试。本次试验共使用板式诱捕器（panel traps）与漏斗诱捕器（funnel traps）两种诱捕装置，最终捕获到隶属于21个天牛物种的共计1250头个体，其中板式诱捕器的捕获量显著高于漏斗诱捕器。相较于对照组，带饵诱捕器捕获的<em>Phymatodes testaceus</em>（林奈，L.，天牛亚科Cerambycinae）以及<em>Leiopus nebulosus nebulosus</em>（林奈，L.，沟胫天牛亚科Lamiinae）的成虫数量显著更多。另有4个物种的个体仅在板式诱捕器中被大量捕获，未在漏斗诱捕器中记录到。对于天牛亚科的<em>Pyrrhidium sanguineum</em>（林奈，L.），处理组诱捕器的捕获量显著高于对照组。而对于天牛亚科的<em>Anaglyptus mysticus</em>（林奈，L.）以及花天牛亚科Lepturinae的<em>Cortodera humeralis</em>（Schaller）和<em>Rhagium sycophanta</em>（Schrank），处理组与对照组诱捕器的捕获数量无显著差异，表明该引诱剂混合物对这些物种无引诱活性。一种捕食性郭公甲（clerid beetle）<em>Clerus mutillarius</em>（Fabricius，F.）的成虫在两类带饵诱捕器中的捕获数量均显著高于对照组，总捕获量达1514头个体。相较于溶剂对照组，<em>C. mutillarius</em>雌雄成虫的触角均对3-羟基-2-己酮（3-hydroxyhexan-2-one）和2-甲基-1-丁醇（2-methylbutan-1-ol）表现出显著的电生理响应；此外，雄虫触角还对syn-2,3-己二醇（syn-2,3-hexanediol）产生显著响应。<em>C. mutillarius</em>对该引诱剂的强烈趋性提示其存在偷听天牛信息素的行为，同时也意味着这类无需搭配诱捕器的引诱饵料，可应用于以蛀木昆虫（wood-boring insects）为防治对象的推拉式生物防治（push-pull biological control）项目中，以调控捕食性天敌的本地种群密度。