<strong>New mechanistic insights of anti-obesity by sleeve gastrectomy-altered gut microbiota and lipid metabolism</strong>

The mechanisms that underlie bariatric surgery-related bodyweight loss are not fully understood. Here, we took an unbiased approach of multi-omics to investigate the role of sleeve gastrectomy (SG)-altered gut microbiota in anti-obesity of 5 obese patients. Non-target metabolome sequencing was performed using the fecal and serum samples. Our data show that SG markedly increased microbiota diversity and Rikenellaceae, <em>Alistipes</em>, <em>Parabacteroides</em>, Bactreoidales, and Enterobacteraies robustly increased. These compositional changes were positively correlated with lipid metabolites, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Increases of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, and Parabacteroide were reversely correlated with body mass index (BMI). On the basis of these findings, we have identified a number of microbiotas that could be potential targets for treatment of obesity.肥胖症减重手术相关体重减轻的潜在机制尚未完全阐明。本研究采用无偏倚多组学研究策略，针对5名肥胖患者，探究了袖状胃切除术（sleeve gastrectomy, SG）诱导的肠道菌群改变在抗肥胖进程中的作用。本研究对粪便与血清样本开展了非靶向代谢组测序。数据结果显示，SG可显著提升菌群多样性，且*理研菌科（Rikenellaceae）*、*别样杆菌属（Alistipes）*、*副杆菌属（Parabacteroides）*、*拟杆菌目（Bacteroidales）*以及*肠杆菌目（Enterobacterales）*的丰度显著升高。上述菌群组成变化与鞘脂类、甘油磷脂类及不饱和脂肪酸等脂质代谢产物呈正相关。*理研菌科*、*别样杆菌属*与*副杆菌属*的丰度升高与体重指数（body mass index, BMI）呈负相关。基于上述研究发现，本研究已筛选出多个可作为肥胖治疗潜在靶点的菌群。