data_sheet_1_Ingroup Bias in Healthcare Contexts: Israeli-Jewish Perceptions of Arab and Jewish Doctors.docx

The influence of group membership on perceptions of outgroup members has been extensively studied in various contexts. This research has indicated a strong tendency for ingroup bias – preferring the ingroup over the outgroup. We seek to further expand on the growing literature regarding the effects of group membership within healthcare contexts. Focusing on the Arab-Jewish context in Israel, the present study explored the influence of group membership on Israeli-Jewish participants’ evaluations when exposed to potential malpractice. Specifically, participants (n = 165) read a description of an Israeli-Jewish or Israeli-Arab physician who was either culpable or non-culpable of malpractice. Consistent with our predictions, findings generally indicated more negative evaluations of the Israeli-Arab physician, regardless of objective culpability. We conclude by discussing the study’s limitations and implications.

群体成员身份对群体外成员认知的影响已在多种情境中得到广泛研究。此类研究揭示了内群体偏见（ingroup bias）的显著倾向——即相较于外群体成员，个体更偏好内群体成员。本研究旨在进一步拓展医疗场景下群体成员身份影响相关的日益丰富的研究文献。本研究以以色列境内的阿犹族群情境为研究场景，探讨了当面临潜在医疗失当指控时，群体成员身份对以色列犹太裔被试评价的影响。具体而言，165名被试阅读了一份关于以色列犹太裔或以色列阿拉伯裔医师的描述材料，该医师分别被设定为存在医疗失当责任或无医疗失当责任。与研究假设相符，研究结果总体显示，无论医师的客观责任归属如何，以色列阿拉伯裔医师所获得的负面评价均更为负面。最后，本文讨论了本研究的局限性与研究启示。