Flint Hills, KS PurpleAir PM2.5 data from the 2022 prescribed fire season

Prescribed fires (fires intentionally set for mitigation purposes) produce pollutants, which have negative effects on human and animal health. One of the pollutants produced from fires is fine particulate matter (PM2.5). PM2.5 can penetrate deep into the lungs and harm cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The Flint Hills region of Kansas experiences extensive prescribed burning each spring (March - May). Smoke from prescribed fires is often understudied due to a lack of monitoring in the rural regions where prescribed burning occurs, as well as the short duration and small size of the fires. Our goal was to attribute PM2.5 concentrations to the prescribed burning in the Flint Hills. To determine PM2.5 increases from local burning, we used low-cost PM2.5 sensors (PurpleAir) and satellite observations. The Flint Hills were also affected by smoke transported from fires in other regions during 2022. We separated the transported smoke from smoke from fires in eastern Kansas. Based on data..., We recruited participants to deploy 38 PurpleAir monitors throughout eastern Kansas to study smoke from prescribed burning from March - May 2022. PurpleAir are low-cost sensors (~$300 USD per unit) that estimate PM2.5 concentrations every two minutes. We performed a quality check on the raw PM2.5 concentrations from PurpleAir. We took 10-minute averages of all measurements. We then removed data with the following conditions: (1) temperature > 65 oC (0.005 % of observations), (2) relative humidity > 100% (0.0001 % of observations), (3) channel disagreement > 10% from the average of the two channels or 10 µg m-3 in the absolute difference between the channels (3.3% of observations), and (4) measurements > 500 µg m-3 (0.0017% of observations). We applied the Barkjohn et al. (2021) correction factor to the quality checked PurpleAir field measurements. This correction factor reduces bias in PurpleAir PM2.5 by scaling based on the concentrations and relative humidity (https://doi...., , # PurpleAir PM2.5 Data from the Flint Hills, KS 2022 Field Campaign

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wqd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wqd)

This dataset includes PM2.5 concentrations from PurpleAir sensors which were deployed in eastern Kansas to monitor smoke from prescribed fires during March - May 2022. The locations of each monitor are reported and have been rounded for privacy of the monitor hosts. We report hourly averages of the data. For finer temporal resolution, please contact the authors.

## Description of the data and file structure

The data is formatted in a comma-separated values file. The following is a description for each column:

* \"local time\" - The timestamp associated with the PurpleAir measurements reported in Central Daylight Time. The format for this column is \"Day/Month/Year Hour:Minute\".
* \"temperature\" - The temperature that is measured by the PurpleAir BOSCH BME280 reported in degrees Fahrenheit.
* \"humidity\" - The percentage of relative ...

计划火烧（prescribed fires，即为减灾目的有意布设的火灾）会产生污染物，对人类与动物健康造成负面影响。火烧产生的污染物之一为细颗粒物（fine particulate matter, PM2.5），可深入肺部，损害心血管与呼吸系统。

堪萨斯州弗林特山（Flint Hills）区域每年春季（3月至5月）都会开展大规模计划火烧作业。由于计划火烧发生的农村地区缺乏监测手段，且此类火烧持续时间短、规模较小，计划火烧产生的烟气往往未得到充分研究。

本研究旨在将弗林特山区域的PM2.5浓度变化归因于当地的计划火烧活动。为明确本地计划火烧导致的PM2.5浓度升高情况，本研究采用了低成本PM2.5传感器（PurpleAir）与卫星观测数据。2022年，弗林特山区域还受到其他区域火灾产生的输送烟气的影响，研究团队将外来输送烟气与堪萨斯州东部本地火烧产生的烟气进行了区分。

基于相关数据，本研究招募志愿者在堪萨斯州东部部署了38台PurpleAir传感器，以研究2022年3月至5月期间计划火烧产生的烟气。PurpleAir为低成本传感器（单台售价约300美元），可每2分钟估算一次PM2.5浓度。

研究团队对PurpleAir获取的原始PM2.5浓度数据开展了质量控制，对所有测量值计算10分钟平均值。随后剔除符合以下任一条件的数据：(1) 温度＞65℃（占有效观测值的0.005%）；(2) 相对湿度＞100%（占比0.0001%）；(3) 双通道偏差超过双通道平均值的10%，或两通道间绝对差值超过10 μg·m⁻³（占比3.3%）；(4) 测量值＞500 μg·m⁻³（占比0.0017%）。

研究团队将巴克约翰等（Barkjohn et al., 2021）提出的校正因子应用于经过质量控制的PurpleAir野外实测数据。该校正因子通过结合浓度与相对湿度进行缩放，以降低PurpleAir PM2.5测量的偏差（相关链接：https://doi....）。

# 堪萨斯州弗林特山2022年野外作业PurpleAir PM2.5数据集
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wqd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wqd)

本数据集包含2022年3月至5月期间部署于堪萨斯州东部、用于监测计划火烧烟气的PurpleAir传感器获取的PM2.5浓度数据。所有传感器的布设位置已进行取整处理，以保护传感器所有者的隐私。本数据集提供数据的小时平均值，若需更高时间分辨率的数据，请联系研究作者。

## 数据与文件结构说明

数据采用逗号分隔值（CSV）格式存储，各字段说明如下：
* "local time"：与PurpleAir传感器测量值对应的时间戳，采用中部夏令时（CDT）标注，格式为「日/月/年 时:分」。
* "temperature"：由PurpleAir搭载的BOSCH BME280传感器测得的温度，单位为华氏度。
* "humidity"：相对湿度百分比（原文后续内容未完整提供）。