Table_1_Comparison of Hemodynamic Brain Responses Between Big Wave Surfers and Non-big Wave Surfers During Affective Image Presentation.DOCX

BackgroundBig wave surfers are extreme sports athletes who expose themselves to life-threatening risk when training and competing. Little is known about how and why extreme sports athletes choose to participate in their chosen sports. This exploratory study investigated potential neurophysiological and psychometric differences between big and non-big wave surfers.
MethodsThirteen big wave surfers (BWS) and 10 non-big wave surfers (CON) viewed a series of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) while undergoing brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The Fear Schedule Survey-III, Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking, Discrete Emotions Questionnaire, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were also completed.
ResultsThe BWS group demonstrated higher blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal change in the insula, visual cortex, and periaqueductal gray, whereas the CON group displayed increased hypothalamus activation in response to high amplitude negative-valence (HAN) image presentation. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses found CON showed significant interactions between frontal and temporal cortical regions as well as between the hypothalamus and the insula, frontal, and temporal cortices during HAN image presentation that were not seen in BWS. No differences between groups were found in their responses to the questionnaires.
ConclusionOur findings demonstrate significant differences in brain activation between BWS and CON in response to the presentation of HAN IAPS images, despite no significant differences in scores on psychometric questionnaires.

研究背景：巨浪冲浪运动员作为极限运动参与者，在训练与竞技过程中需直面致命风险。目前学界对极限运动运动员选择投身该项运动的动因与行为机制仍知之甚少。本探索性研究旨在探究巨浪冲浪运动员与非巨浪冲浪运动员之间潜在的神经生理学与心理测量学差异。
研究方法：本研究招募13名巨浪冲浪运动员（BWS）与10名非巨浪冲浪运动员（CON），在进行脑功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描的同时，让受试者观看国际情感图片系统（IAPS）所提供的一系列图片。此外，所有受试者均完成了恐惧量表第三版（Fear Schedule Survey-III）、阿奈特感觉寻求量表（Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking）、离散情绪问卷（Discrete Emotions Questionnaire）以及积极消极情感量表（Positive and Negative Affect Schedule）。
研究结果：巨浪冲浪运动员组在岛叶、视觉皮层与中脑导水管周围灰质中表现出更强的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号变化；而对照组在观看高幅值负性效价（HAN）图片时，其下丘脑激活程度显著升高。心理生理交互（PPI）分析显示，对照组在观看HAN图片时，前额叶与颞叶皮层区域之间，以及下丘脑与岛叶、前额叶、颞叶皮层之间存在显著的功能连接交互效应，而巨浪冲浪运动员组未出现此类效应。两组受试者在问卷得分上未发现显著差异。
研究结论：尽管两组受试者的心理测量问卷得分无显著差异，但本研究结果表明，巨浪冲浪运动员组与对照组在观看HAN类IAPS图片时，其大脑激活模式存在显著差异。