Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality (NESP TWQ 5.2, AIMS, JCU and AIMS@JCU)

This dataset consists of one spreadsheet, which shows the survival, number of polyps and ability to remove sediment of up to fourteen weeks old Acropora millepora coral recruits while being exposed to three different climate scenarios resembling current climate conditions and conditions expected by mid and end of the century. Coral recruit resilience towards sedimentation was tested by exposing the recruits either five- and ten-weeks following settlement (experiment 1) or only ten-weeks following settlement (experiment 2). Additional tabs show temperature, pCO2 and sediment loads used in the experiment. The study was conducted at the National Sea Simulator.

The aim of this study was to 1) identify lethal concentration thresholds for coral recruits under simultaneous exposure to climate stress (temperature and pCO2) and sedimentation and 2) identify survival mechanisms (i.e., number of polyps, sediment removal capability).

This data will inform the development of water-quality management guidelines, a key aim of NESP project 5.2. The full research report can be found at:
Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

Methods:
Coral recruits of Acropora millepora, a branching coral species abundant in shallow reefs on the Great Barrier Reef, were raised for 14 weeks in ‘current’ and realistic ‘medium’ and ‘high’ climate scenarios (increased temperature and acidification), and were exposed to six environmentally relevant sediment deposition loads typical of flood plumes and dredging operations. The sedimentation events were simulated at different recruit ages: (1) five- and ten-weeks following settlement, and (2) after ten weeks only. One-hour following sediment exposures, sediment removal capabilities were photographically quantified. After a four-week recovery phase, survival and polyp numbers were documented photographically and the data are presented here.

Specific details of the methodology may be found in:
Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

Format:

This dataset consists of one excel workbook xlsx.

Data Dictionary:

Experiment tab
DATE SETTLEMENT - Date of coral larvae settlement, t0
DATE MEASUREMENT - Date survival and polyp numbers were documented
AGE - age in weeks following settlement
EXPERIMENT - (1): Coral recruits were exposed for three days to sedimentation when 5 and 10 weeks old; (2): Coral recruits were exposed for three days to sedimentation when 10 weeks old, see also "date sediment exposure"
CLIMATE SCENARIO - climate scenarios based on manipulated temperature and pCO2, see "Temperatures" and "pCO2" tab for details
ID TANK - identification number of climate controllable aquarium
ID DISC TRAY - identification number of tray where the discs were mounted
ID DISC - identification number of discs where coral recruits settled on
ID RECRUIT PER DISC - identification number of each recruit on each disc
SEDIMENT (mg / cm²) - sediment load
NUMBER OF POLYPS - number of alive polyps
CORAL ALIVE - (1): coral is alive, (0): coral is dead
DATE SEDIMENT EXPOSURE - timeframe of sedimentation, NA shows that no sediment was applied in this period
SEDIMENT FREE AFTER 1 HOUR - (1): coral was sediment free 1h after sediment was applied, (0): coral was not sediment free

Temperature tab
DATE - date of temperature measurement
TIME - time of temperature measurement
CORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT) - age in weeks following settlement
CURRENT TEMPERATURE (°C) - 26.2 – 28.7
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE (°C) - Current + 0.6
HIGH TEMPERATURE (°C) - Current + 1.2

pCO2 tab
DATE - date of pCO2 measurement
TIME - time of pCO2 measurement
CORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT) - age in weeks following settlement
CURRENT pCO2 (ppm) - 410 ± 50
MEDIUM pCO2 (ppm) - 680 ± 50
HIGH pCO2 (ppm) - 940 ± 50

Sediment tab
CLIMATE SCENARIO - climate scenarios based on manipulated temperature and pCO2, see "Temperatures" and "pCO2" tab for details
ID TANK - identification number of climate controllable aquarium
ID DISC TRAY - identification number of tray where the discs were mounted
ID DISC -identification number of discs where coral recruits settled on
FILTER PREMASS (g) - Weight of 0.4 µm polycarbonate filters
FILTER WITH SEDIMENT (g) - weight of dried (60 °C for greater than or equal to 24 hours) 0.4 µm polycarbonate filters with sediment
SEDIMENT ON FILTER (g) - weight of filter with sediment - filter premass
DISC SURFACE (cm²) - disc surface area based on 2 cm diameter
SEDIMENT INITIALLY APPLIED (mg / cm²) - sediment load at the beginning of the sediment deposition experiment
SEDIMENT REMAINING AFTER THREE DAYS (mg/cm²) - sediment load at the end of the sediment deposition experiment

References:
Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

Data Location:

This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\nesp5\5.2_Cumulative-impacts

本数据集包含1个电子表格，记录了14周龄以内的多孔鹿角珊瑚（Acropora millepora）幼体在三种不同气候情景下的存活情况、息肉数量及沉积物清除能力，这三种情景分别模拟当前气候条件，以及本世纪中期和末期的预期气候状态。珊瑚幼体对沉积作用的抵抗力通过两种方式进行测试：一是在幼体固着后第5周和第10周分别进行暴露实验（实验1），二是仅在固着后第10周进行暴露实验（实验2）。其余工作表分别记录了实验中使用的温度、二氧化碳分压（pCO2）和沉积物负载量。本研究在国家海洋模拟器（National Sea Simulator）中开展。

本研究的目标为：1）明确珊瑚幼体同时暴露于气候胁迫（温度与pCO2）与沉积作用下的致死浓度阈值；2）揭示珊瑚幼体的存活机制（即息肉数量、沉积物清除能力）。

本数据集将为水质管理指南的制定提供依据，而这也是NESP项目5.2的核心目标之一。完整研究报告可参阅：
Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

研究方法：
本研究以大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef）浅礁区域常见的分枝型珊瑚——多孔鹿角珊瑚（Acropora millepora）的幼体为研究对象，在模拟当前气候、中等强度及高强度的三种现实气候情景（增温与酸化处理）中培育14周，并使其暴露于6种与环境相关的沉积物沉积负载量，该负载量对应洪水羽流与疏浚作业的典型水平。沉积暴露实验分别在两种幼体年龄下开展：(1) 固着后第5周和第10周；(2) 仅在固着后第10周。沉积物暴露1小时后，通过摄影定量分析沉积物清除能力。经过4周的恢复阶段后，通过摄影记录幼体存活情况与息肉数量，相关数据即为本数据集内容。
方法的具体细节可参阅：
Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

数据集格式：
本数据集为1个Excel工作簿（.xlsx格式）。

数据字典：
1. 实验工作表（Experiment tab）
- DATE SETTLEMENT：珊瑚幼体固着日期，即t0时刻
- DATE MEASUREMENT：记录幼体存活情况与息肉数量的日期
- AGE：幼体固着后的周龄
- EXPERIMENT：实验分组说明：(1) 幼体在5周龄和10周龄时，分别接受3天的沉积物暴露处理；(2) 幼体仅在10周龄时接受3天的沉积物暴露处理，详见“DATE SEDIMENT EXPOSURE”字段
- CLIMATE SCENARIO：基于温度与pCO2调控的气候情景，详细参数见“温度”（Temperatures）与“pCO2”工作表
- ID TANK：气候可控水族箱的编号
- ID DISC TRAY：承载附着盘的托盘编号
- ID DISC：珊瑚幼体附着的圆盘编号
- ID RECRUIT PER DISC：单个圆盘上每只珊瑚幼体的编号
- SEDIMENT (mg / cm²)：沉积物负载量（mg/cm²）
- NUMBER OF POLYPS：存活息肉的数量
- CORAL ALIVE：幼体存活状态：(1) 存活；(0) 死亡
- DATE SEDIMENT EXPOSURE：沉积物暴露的时间范围，NA表示该周期未施加沉积物
- SEDIMENT FREE AFTER 1 HOUR：沉积物暴露1小时后的幼体表面状态：(1) 无沉积物；(0) 仍有沉积物

2. 温度工作表（Temperature tab）
- DATE：温度测量日期
- TIME：温度测量时间
- CORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT)：幼体固着后的周龄
- CURRENT TEMPERATURE (°C)：当前温度范围：26.2 ~ 28.7 ℃
- MEDIUM TEMPERATURE (°C)：中等温度情景：当前温度升高0.6 ℃
- HIGH TEMPERATURE (°C)：高温度情景：当前温度升高1.2 ℃

3. pCO2工作表（pCO2 tab）
- DATE：pCO2测量日期
- TIME：pCO2测量时间
- CORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT)：幼体固着后的周龄
- CURRENT pCO2 (ppm)：当前pCO2水平：410 ± 50 ppm
- MEDIUM pCO2 (ppm)：中等强度情景pCO2水平：680 ± 50 ppm
- HIGH pCO2 (ppm)：高强度情景pCO2水平：940 ± 50 ppm

4. 沉积物工作表（Sediment tab）
- CLIMATE SCENARIO：基于温度与pCO2调控的气候情景，详细参数见“温度”（Temperatures）与“pCO2”工作表
- ID TANK：气候可控水族箱的编号
- ID DISC TRAY：承载附着盘的托盘编号
- ID DISC：珊瑚幼体附着的圆盘编号
- FILTER PREMASS (g)：0.4 μm聚碳酸酯滤膜的初始质量（g）
- FILTER WITH SEDIMENT (g)：经60℃干燥≥24小时后的载沉积物0.4 μm聚碳酸酯滤膜的总质量（g）
- SEDIMENT ON FILTER (g)：载沉积物滤膜质量与初始滤膜质量的差值（g）
- DISC SURFACE (cm²)：基于2 cm直径计算的圆盘表面积（cm²）
- SEDIMENT INITIALLY APPLIED (mg / cm²)：沉积实验初始阶段的沉积物负载量（mg/cm²）
- SEDIMENT REMAINING AFTER THREE DAYS (mg/cm²)：沉积实验结束后3天的沉积物残留负载量（mg/cm²）

参考文献：
Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

数据存储位置：
本数据集存储于eAtlas持久化数据仓库中，路径为：data
esp55.2_Cumulative-impacts