Central Spitsbergen Snow Avalanche Activity 2016-2020

These data include all individual snow avalanches and the associated daily avalanche activity index for all avalanches observed in Nordenskiöld Land on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, uploaded to the regObs database, and analyzed as a portion of a study investigating the synoptic controls on avalanche activity in this location (reference forthcoming). Data in this dataset were originally obtained from the regObs.no database (www.regobs.no). RegObs is the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate's system for acquiring, storing, and visualizing natural hazards observations in Norway. The data in this dataset were retrieved from regObs using methods contained in the now-deprecated Github repository at https://github.com/ragnarekker/varsomdata, and then manually checked and processed as described in the referenced publication.

This dataset was developed and analyzed in a research paper examining the role of synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation patterns in the Nordenskiöld Land region of central Spitsbergen, the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago (reference forthcoming). This work found synoptic conditions leading to increased precipitation, stronger winds, and increased air temperatures were associated with more observed avalanche activity.

The dataset includes avalanches observed during the winter months (December-May) from 1 December 2016 to 31 May 2020. Data are organized in two files. The first, "individual_avalanches.csv") includes the 632 individual avalanches identified in the regObs observations. Data from each avalanche identified is contained in a separate record (632 records). The second, "Daily_activity.csv", includes the daily avalanche activity considered in aggregate for all 729 winter days analyzed in this work. Each winter day is represented by a record (729 records).

In addition, the “Daily_activity.csv” file contains the data related to the synoptic type derived from the Niedźwiedź Classification. This is a well-established subjective classification of atmospheric circulation types in the Svalbard region. The full description of the classification provided by Tadeusz Niedźwiedź from University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) is found in:

Niedźwiedź, T.: The atmospheric circulation, in: Climate and Climate Change at Hornsund, Svalbard, edited by: Marsz, A. A., and Styszyńska, A., Gdynia Maritime Univsersity, Gdynia, Poland, 57-74, 2013.

These data are a unique dataset included in the analyses of the following publication:

Hancock, H., Hendrikx, J., Eckerstorfer, M., and Wickström, S.: Synoptic control on snow avalanche activity in central Spitsbergen, The Cryosphere Discuss., 2021, 1-35, doi:10.5194/tc-2021-48, 2021.

本数据集涵盖斯瓦尔巴群岛斯匹次卑尔根岛诺登舍尔德地所有观测到的单次雪崩事件，以及对应所有雪崩的逐日雪崩活动指数，相关数据已上传至regObs数据库（regObs），并作为一项探究该区域雪崩活动天气尺度调控机制的研究的一部分进行分析（待发表参考文献）。
本数据集原始数据源自regObs.no数据库（www.regobs.no）。regObs是挪威水资源与能源管理局搭建的，用于挪威境内自然灾害观测数据采集、存储与可视化的系统。本数据集的数据通过已废弃的GitHub仓库https://github.com/ragnarekker/varsomdata中收录的方法从regObs获取，随后按照已发表文献中的描述进行人工校验与处理。

本数据集为一项研究开发并分析所得，该研究聚焦于斯瓦尔巴群岛最大岛屿斯匹次卑尔根岛中部诺登舍尔德地的天气尺度大气环流模式的作用（待发表参考文献）。研究发现，可引发降水增多、风力增强与气温升高的天气尺度环流条件，与观测到的雪崩活动频次增加显著相关。

本数据集涵盖2016年12月1日至2020年5月31日冬季时段（12月至次年5月）内观测到的所有雪崩事件。数据分为两个文件存储：第一个文件为"individual_avalanches.csv"，包含从regObs观测中识别出的632次单次雪崩事件，每一次雪崩事件对应一条独立记录（共632条记录）。第二个文件为"Daily_activity.csv"，包含本研究分析的全部729个冬季日的总雪崩活动数据，每个冬季日对应一条记录（共729条记录）。

此外，"Daily_activity.csv"文件中还包含源自涅德维奇环流分型（Niedźwiedź Classification）的天气型相关数据。该分型是斯瓦尔巴地区一套成熟的主观大气环流类型分类体系。波兰卡托维兹西里西亚大学的塔德乌什·涅德维奇（Tadeusz Niedźwiedź）对该分型的完整描述见于：
Niedźwiedź, T.: 大气环流，收录于《斯瓦尔巴霍恩松德的气候与气候变化》，Marsz, A. A. 与Styszyńska, A. 主编，波兰格丁尼亚海事大学，格丁尼亚，2013年，第57-74页。

本数据集为一项已发表研究的分析中所用的独有数据集，该研究为：
Hancock, H., Hendrikx, J., Eckerstorfer, M. 与Wickström, S.: 斯匹次卑尔根岛中部雪崩活动的天气尺度调控机制，《冰冻圈讨论》，2021年，第1-35页，doi:10.5194/tc-2021-48, 2021。