680数据(2).xlsx

In this paper, relevant data were collected through a questionnaire survey method, and the subjects of the study were leaders and employees of start-up business teams in various industries. Two questionnaires were designed: in the questionnaire for business leaders, business leaders were asked to self-assess their own paradoxical leadership situation, and then rate their employees' creativity based on their performance in the actual work; in the questionnaire for employees, employees were asked to self-assess their own paradoxical leadership needs, uncertainty avoidance, and superior-subordinate relationships. The questionnaire collection process lasted six months, with a total of 2,185 questionnaires sent out. 1,252 valid questionnaires were collected, and those with missing content or unable to be matched were excluded. These included 217 leaders and 1035 employees from 217 teams, with an average of 4-5 members per team, each with one and only one leader. In the final sample of valid employees: the male-to-female ratio was 1.07; the education level was concentrated in bachelor's degree; the average time spent with the leader was 3.003 years; and the average number of years of work experience was 3.137 years.

本研究通过问卷调查法采集相关数据，研究对象为各行业初创企业团队的领导者与员工。本研究设计了两套问卷：针对企业领导者的问卷中，要求受访者自评自身的悖论型领导（paradoxical leadership）表现，并依据下属实际工作中的表现对其创造力进行评分；针对员工的问卷中，则要求受访者自评自身的悖论型领导需求、不确定性规避倾向与上下级关系。本次问卷调研周期为六个月，累计发放问卷2185份，最终回收有效问卷1252份，剔除内容缺失或无法匹配的无效问卷。有效样本覆盖217个团队，共计217名领导者与1035名员工，每个团队平均包含4至5名成员，且每团队仅配备一名唯一领导者。在最终的员工有效样本中：男女比例为1.07；学历分布集中于本科学历；与直属领导者的平均共事时长为3.003年；平均工作年限为3.137年。