Correlations for factors.

Young children’s eating behavior is crucial for any further development of healthy eating. Early eating behavior are often assessed through parental report. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a widely used parental questionnaire that has been validated in families of different gender, age and cultural background. Research has shown that the 8-factor structure has some inconsistencies and sample characteristics such as age, gender, and culture can influence the results. To which extent such sample characteristics might influence results within a multi-lingual culture has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the factor structure of the CEBQ among 511 preschool children of the French and German parts of Switzerland, aged 2 to 6 years (Mean 3.85 years; SD 0.69). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a modified structure of the original questionnaire, with a 7-factor structure providing a reasonable fit to the data (TLI = 0.954, CFI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.063 and SRMR = 0.067). The subscale ‘Desire to drink’ was removed, and a few items moved to other subscales as they loaded higher on a different subscale compared to the original model. Reliabilities based on the coefficient omega were acceptable to satisfying across the seven factors, ranging from 0.66 to 0.90. There were no significant gender or age differences, but French speaking children showed higher levels of ‘Satiety responsiveness’ and lower ‘Enjoyment of food’ than German speaking children. Yet, these effects were small. The German and French CEBQ are valid and reliable versions of the original CEBQ and can be used in a multicultural context.

幼儿进食行为是健康饮食模式后续发展的关键影响因素。幼儿早期进食行为通常通过家长报告的方式进行评估。儿童进食行为问卷（Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire，CEBQ）是一款被广泛应用的家长自评问卷，已在不同性别、年龄及文化背景的家庭群体中完成效度验证。已有研究表明，该问卷的八因子结构存在一定不一致性，且样本特征（如年龄、性别与文化背景）会对研究结果产生影响。截至目前，尚无研究探讨此类样本特征在多语言文化背景下对问卷结果的影响程度。因此本研究旨在评估瑞士法语区与德语区共511名2至6岁学龄前儿童（平均年龄3.85岁，标准差0.69）的CEBQ因子结构。验证性因子分析结果显示，原版问卷的因子结构需进行调整：七因子模型可较好适配本研究数据，各项拟合指标分别为TLI=0.954、CFI=0.952、RMSEA=0.063及SRMR=0.067。研究中移除了“饮水渴求”子量表，并将部分条目调整至其他子量表，因其在与原始模型对比中于其他子量表上的因子载荷更高。基于Omega系数计算的信度结果显示，七个因子的信度均处于可接受至良好水平，取值范围为0.66至0.90。研究未发现显著的性别或年龄差异，但法语区儿童的“饱腹感反应性”得分高于德语区儿童，而“食物享受度”得分则更低。不过此类组间差异的效应量较小。瑞士德语版与法语版CEBQ均为具备良好信效度的原版问卷适配版本，可应用于多元文化研究场景。