MINIMALLY INVASIVE OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF MANDIBULAR FRACTURES USING RESORBABLE IMPLANTS

Fractures of the lower jaw occupy one of the leading places among injuries of the maxillofacial region and represent a significant medical and social problem. The high frequency of such injuries is due to the increase in road traffic injuries, domestic and sports injuries. Violation of the integrity of the lower jaw is accompanied not only by severe pain, but also by impaired chewing, speech, and facial aesthetics, which significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. Modern approaches to the treatment of mandibular fractures are aimed at achieving stable fixation of bone fragments with minimal injury and rapid restoration of function. Traditionally used metal structures, despite their strength and reliability, have a number of disadvantages, including the need for repeated surgical intervention to remove them, the risk of allergic reactions, as well as possible limitations when performing radiation diagnostic methods. In this regard, the use of resorbable mini-plates is particularly relevant, which provide sufficient fixation for the healing period and gradually dissolve in the body. The use of such systems makes it possible to reduce the surgical burden on the patient, eliminate repeated operations and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. This topic is of additional importance in children's and adolescent practice, where the use of biodegradable materials helps to preserve the growth and development of bone tissue without interference in the long term. Thus, the study and implementation of resorbable mini-plates for osteosynthesis in fractures of the lower jaw is an urgent area of modern maxillofacial surgery aimed at improving the effectiveness of treatment and improving the quality of life of patients.下颌骨骨折在颌面损伤中占据重要地位，是一类极具影响力的医学与社会问题。此类损伤高发的原因在于道路交通伤、居家损伤及运动损伤的逐年攀升。下颌骨完整性受损不仅会引发剧烈疼痛，还会伴随咀嚼、言语功能障碍及面部美观受损，严重降低患者的生活质量。 当前下颌骨骨折的现代治疗策略，旨在以微创方式实现骨断端的稳定固定，并快速恢复其生理功能。传统临床应用的金属内固定装置虽具备强度与可靠性，但存在诸多弊端：需二次手术取出、存在过敏反应风险，且可能对放射诊断检查造成限制。 有鉴于此，可吸收微型接骨板（resorbable mini-plates）的应用便具有显著的临床价值，其可在骨愈合期提供足够的固定效果，并可在体内逐步降解。采用此类装置可减轻患者的手术负担，避免二次手术，并降低术后并发症的发生风险。 该议题在儿童及青少年颌面外科临床中具有特殊意义，使用生物可降解材料可在长期层面避免干扰骨组织的生长与发育。 因此，研究并应用可吸收微型接骨板用于下颌骨骨折的骨接合术，是现代颌面外科的迫切研究方向，旨在提升治疗有效性并改善患者的生活质量。