Biodiversity of rock, beach and water fungi in Italy

The fungal biodiversity in its overall is mostly still unknown and the ecological role of these organisms, particularly in some border ecosystems, is often underestimated. This study aims to give both an overview of the state of the art and to present new data on the mycodiversity in some peculiar environments as rocks, beach sand, and water in Italy. Particularly, rock fungi are here reported from high mountain peaks, sea cliffs, and monuments; sand associated fungi from beach ecosystems in Puglia and Ligurian coasts; marine fungi associated with the endemic seagrass of the Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica L.; aquatic hyphomycetes (Ingoldian fungi) from both streams in the Ticino Natural Park and lentic water in Lago Maggiore; fungi from the water distribution system in Turin. Ecological and evolutive considerations are put forward.

整体而言，真菌生物多样性仍有大量未被探明之处，这类生物的生态作用，尤其是在部分边缘生态系统中，常被低估。本研究旨在梳理相关研究现状，并提供意大利境内特殊生境（包括岩石、海滩沙质沉积物及水体）中的真菌多样性新数据。具体而言，本研究报道了来自高山峰顶、海蚀崖与文物古迹的岩石真菌；来自普利亚大区及利古里亚海岸海滩生态系统的沙生真菌；与地中海特有海草大洋海神草（Posidonia oceanica L.）共生的海洋真菌；采自提契诺自然公园溪流与马焦雷湖静水水体的水生丝孢菌（英戈尔德真菌，Ingoldian fungi）；以及都灵市供水系统中分离得到的真菌。本研究同时提出了相关生态学与进化学层面的思考。