Table_1_SILVOLIVE, a Germplasm Collection of Wild Subspecies With High Genetic Variability as a Source of Rootstocks and Resistance Genes for Olive Breeding.XLSX

Wild subspecies of Olea europaea constitute a source of genetic variability with huge potential for olive breeding to face global changes in Mediterranean-climate regions. We intend to identify wild olive genotypes with optimal adaptability to different environmental conditions to serve as a source of rootstocks and resistance genes for olive breeding. The SILVOLIVE collection includes 146 wild genotypes representative of the six O. europaea subspecies and early-generations hybrids. These genotypes came either from olive germplasm collections or from direct prospection in Spain, continental Africa and the Macaronesian archipelago. The collection was genotyped with plastid and nuclear markers, confirming the origin of the genotypes and their high genetic variability. Morphological and architectural parameters were quantified in 103 genotypes allowing the identification of three major groups of correlative traits including vigor, branching habits and the belowground-to-aboveground ratio. The occurrence of strong phenotypic variability in these traits within the germplasm collection has been shown. Furthermore, wild olive relatives are of great significance to be used as rootstocks for olive cultivation. Thus, as a proof of concept, different wild genotypes used as rootstocks were shown to regulate vigor parameters of the grafted cultivar “Picual” scion, which could improve the productivity of high-density hedgerow orchards.

油橄榄（Olea europaea）的野生亚种是一类宝贵的遗传变异资源，在应对地中海气候区全球变化的油橄榄育种中具备极高应用潜力。本研究旨在筛选出对不同环境条件适配性最优的野生油橄榄基因型，以作为油橄榄育种的砧木与抗性基因来源。
SILVOLIVE种质资源库包含146份野生基因型，涵盖6个油橄榄亚种以及早期世代杂交种。这些基因型部分源自现有油橄榄种质资源库，其余则通过对西班牙、非洲大陆以及马卡罗尼西亚群岛的直接野外考察获取。
该资源库通过质体与核分子标记完成基因分型，验证了各基因型的来源及其丰富的遗传变异水平。研究人员对103份基因型的形态与结构参数进行了量化分析，鉴定出三大关联性状组，分别对应生长势、分枝习性以及地下-地上部生物量比。该种质资源库内上述性状存在显著表型变异，这一点已得到实验证实。
此外，野生油橄榄种质作为油橄榄栽培的砧木材料具备极高应用价值。作为概念验证，研究证实多款用作砧木的野生基因型可调控嫁接栽培品种“皮夸尔（Picual）”接穗的生长势参数，有望提升高密度篱壁式果园的生产效率。