Effect of Sunflower Kernel Peptides Produced by Dual-Degradation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Health Status of Broilers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sunflower kernel peptides produced by enzymatic digestion, fermentation, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Four diets contained 20% of sunflower kernel meal as its raw form (CON) or degraded by protease (ESM), Bacillus pumilus (FSM), or both (DSM). A total of 480 yellow broilers at one day old were randomly distributed to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chicks each. The feeding trial lasted for 63 d. Results showed that peptide content was increased (p<0.001) from 3.97% (CON) to 32.5% (ESM), 24.2% (FSM), and 39.1% (DSM). The three sunflower peptide groups improved (p≤0.001) feed intake and body weight gain. The peptide groups increased (p≤0.015) ileal apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, and amino acids (methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and threonine). Furthermore, the peptide groups improved (p≤0.029) the health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, among the peptide groups, DSM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ESM or FSM. It is concluded that dual-degradation by enzymolysis and fermentation has a better improvement in the nutrition and application of sunflower kernel meal in broilers.

摘要
本研究旨在探究经酶解（enzymatic digestion）、发酵（fermentation）或二者联合处理制得的葵花仁肽（sunflower kernel peptides）对肉仔鸡（broilers）生长性能、养分消化率及健康状况的影响。试验设置4组日粮，分别添加20%未处理的葵花仁粕（sunflower kernel meal，CON组）、蛋白酶（protease）降解葵花仁粕（ESM组）、短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）发酵葵花仁粕（FSM组）以及酶解-发酵联合处理葵花仁粕（DSM组）。选取480只1日龄黄色肉仔鸡，随机分为4组，每组设6个重复，每个重复20只雏鸡。饲养试验周期为63天。
结果表明，肽含量从对照组的3.97%分别提升至ESM组的32.5%、FSM组的24.2%与DSM组的39.1%，组间差异极显著（P<0.001）。三个葵花仁肽处理组均极显著提升了肉仔鸡的采食量与体增重（P≤0.001）。各肽处理组显著提升了肉仔鸡对干物质、能量、粗蛋白及氨基酸（甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸与苏氨酸）的回肠表观消化率（P≤0.015）。此外，各肽处理组通过提升血清免疫球蛋白（serum immunoglobulins，IgA、IgG）含量与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase）活性，改善了肉仔鸡的健康状况（P≤0.029）。进一步分析显示，在三个肽处理组中，DSM组对上述各项指标的改善效果相较于ESM组与FSM组更为显著（P<0.05）。综上，酶解与发酵联合处理可更有效地优化葵花仁粕的营养品质及其在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用效果。