Comprehensive Analysis to Improve the Validation Rate for Single Nucleotide Variants Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the high-throughput discovery of germline and somatic mutations. However, NGS-based variant detection is still prone to errors, resulting in inaccurate variant calls. Here, we categorized the variants detected by NGS according to total read depth (TD) and SNP quality (SNPQ), and performed Sanger sequencing with 348 selected non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs) for validation. Using the SAMtools and GATK algorithms, the validation rate was positively correlated with SNPQ but showed no correlation with TD. In addition, common variants called by both programs had a higher validation rate than caller-specific variants. We further examined several parameters to improve the validation rate, and found that strand bias (SB) was a key parameter. SB in NGS data showed a strong difference between the variants passing validation and those that failed validation, showing a validation rate of more than 92% (filtering cutoff value: alternate allele forward [AF]≥20 and AF