Number of pots with emerged seedlings (n for emergence analysis) and seedlings at the end of the experiment (n for biomass analysis) in the different litter treatments.

Treatments: litter type (spruce, hazel, mixed, control-without litter addition), litter amount (S = shallow, D = deep, L = leachate) and understorey species (Geum = Geum rivale, Hypericum = Hypericum perforatum, Prunella = Prunella vulgaris).

实验处理：枯落物类型（litter type）包括云杉、榛树、混合枯落物及无枯落物添加的对照组；枯落物施用量（litter amount）分为S=浅层（shallow）、D=深层（deep）与L=浸出液（leachate）；林下植物种类（understorey species）涵盖Geum=水杨梅（Geum rivale）、Hypericum=贯叶连翘（Hypericum perforatum）与Prunella=夏枯草（Prunella vulgaris）。