Haplotype analysis of the mitochondrial DNA d-loop region reveals the maternal origin and historical dynamics among the indigenous goat populations in east and west of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

This study aimed at assessing haplotype diversity and population dynamics of three Congolese indigenous goat populations that included Kasai goat (KG), small goat (SG), and dwarf goat (DG) of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The 1,169 bp d-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced for 339 Congolese indigenous goats. The total length of sequences was used to generate the haplotypes and evaluate their diversities, whereas the hypervariable region (HVI, 453 bp) was analyzed to define the maternal variation and the demographic dynamic. A total of 568 segregating sites that generated 192 haplotypes were observed from the entire d-loop region (1,169 bp d-loop). Phylogenetic analyses using reference haplotypes from the six globally defined goat mtDNA haplogroups showed that all the three Congolese indigenous goat populations studied clustered into the dominant haplogroup A, as revealed by the Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree and median-joining (MJ) network. Nine haplotypes were s..., Blood samples representing three Congolese indigenous goat populations (Kasai goat, dwarf goat, and small goat) were sampled from farmer’s flocks from three AEZs of DRC (representing in this study by Kinshasa, Tshopo and South Kivu). Efforts were made to avoid closely related individuals during sampling. The socio-economic factors associated to goat keeping, the environmental characteristics (the high land volcanic mountain) and the proximity to neighboring countries (Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi, with which animal exchanges can readily occur leading to an uncontrolled inter crossbreeding between goat populations), were the main reasons for choosing the South Kivu region. Tshopo was chosen based on its geographic location (the equatorial forest region) which could affect goat management and productivity, while Kinshasa (capital city) was chosen based on the environmental characteristic (high temperature), the commercial transaction with surrounding regions including Bandundu, Kasai cen..., , # Haplotype analysis of the mitochondrial DNA d-loop region reveals the maternal origin and historical dynamics among the indigenous goat populations in east and west of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3v6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3v6)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset contains the mtDNA sequences for three indigenous goat (Capra hircus) populations that include the Small goat (SGC), the dwarf goat (DG) and the Kasai goat (KG) from three agro-ecological zones in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These sequences can be used by other researchers by respecting the conditions of the use of the published data (citation of authors).

Legend of the available data:

DG= Dwarf goat (samples collected in the alluvial basin agro-ecological zone in the equatorial forest in the north east of the Democratic Republic of Congo in Tshopo region).

KG= Kasai goats (samples collected in the savannah or the sub-humid agro-...

# 线粒体DNA d-loop区域单倍型分析揭示刚果民主共和国东西部本土山羊种群的母系起源与历史动态

本研究旨在评估刚果民主共和国（Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC）三个本土山羊种群的单倍型多样性与种群动态，涉及种群分别为卡赛山羊（Kasai goat, KG）、小型山羊（Small goat, SG）与矮小型山羊（Dwarf goat, DG）。研究对339头刚果本土山羊的线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA）d-loop区域1169 bp片段进行测序：以全长序列构建单倍型并评估其多样性，同时选取高变区（hypervariable region, HVI，453 bp）分析母系变异与种群动态史。在完整d-loop区域（1169 bp）中共检测到568个多态位点，共获得192个单倍型。基于全球6个已定义的山羊mtDNA单倍群参考单倍型开展系统发育分析，结合邻接（Neighbor-joining, NJ）树与中介邻接（median-joining, MJ）网络的结果显示，本研究中的三个刚果本土山羊种群均聚类于优势单倍群A。共发现9个单倍型……

本研究从刚果民主共和国三个农业生态区（agro-ecological zones, AEZs）的农户畜群中采集了代表三个刚果本土山羊种群的血液样本，三个农业生态区分别为金沙萨、乔波省与南基伍省。采样过程中尽可能避免采集亲缘关系较近的个体。选择南基伍省作为采样点的主要原因为：其与坦桑尼亚、卢旺达、布隆迪等邻国毗邻（动物交流频繁，易导致山羊种群间无节制的杂交）、当地的社会经济养羊因素以及环境特征（高海拔火山山地）。乔波省因地处赤道森林区，其地理环境会影响山羊饲养管理与生产性能，故被选为采样点；而首都金沙萨则因其高温的环境特征，以及与班杜、中卡赛等周边区域的商贸往来，被纳入采样范围。

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3v6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3v6)

## 数据与文件结构说明

本数据集包含来自刚果民主共和国三个农业生态区的三个本土山羊（家山羊*Capra hircus*）种群的mtDNA序列，三个种群分别为小型山羊（SGC）、矮小型山羊（DG）与卡赛山羊（KG）。研究者可在遵守该已发表数据的使用条款（引用原作者）的前提下使用这些序列。

数据图例：

DG=矮小型山羊（样本采集于刚果民主共和国东北部乔波省赤道森林区的冲积盆地农业生态区）。

KG=卡赛山羊（样本采集于稀树草原或亚湿润农业……）