Big Scrub, Tintenbar, NSW. VAST-2: Tracking the Transformation of Australia's Vegetated Landscapes

The aim of this project is to compile land use and management practices and their observed and measured impacts and effects on vegetation condition. The results provide land managers and researchers with a tool for reporting and monitoring spatial and temporal transformations of Australia’s native vegetated landscapes due to changes in land use and management practices. Following are the details about Big Scrub, Tintenbar site.

Pre-European benchmark-analogue vegetation: The site was originally lowland subtropical rainforest on basalt-derived and alluvial soils below 250 m asl and further than 2 km from the coast.

Brief chronology of changes in land use and management:
1788: Indigenous land management - Goori people
1823-25: Explorers Oxley followed by Rous traversed the area
1842: Cedar getters ‘moved in’
1870: Portion or survey plan prepared for the Tintenbar property
1880: Camphor was planted as a shade tree in Lismore 1880s along streets
1885: Brush had been largely selected and slightly cleared
1900: Clearing done with brush hooks. Small trees were cut down with an axe and large trees were cut down using a cross-cut saw. Brush and fallen timber was burnt
1900: Basalt rock removed from paddocks and placed around borders as field stone fencing, Paddock cleared of floaters so it could be ploughed
1901: Aggressive pasture grasses established. Initially this was Paspalum
1901-1978: Dairying and pasture improvement - mainly Kikuyu and fertiliser added
1968: Observed incursions of camphor in creeks and gullies but not removed or controlled
1979: Changed from dairying to beef cattle production
1980-87: Cattle removed - destocked
1981-87: Observed incursions of weeds into the former dairy pasture including lantana, barna or elephant (Pennisetum purpureum) grass and tobacco bush and some camphor but not removed or controlled
1988: Commenced agisting cattle
1990-93: Agisted horses and cattle
1993: Ceased agisting cattle and horses
1994-2011: Dense stands of camphor left unchecked.

本项目旨在汇编土地利用与管理实践，及其对植被状况产生的可观测、可量化的影响与效应。研究成果可为土地管理者与科研人员提供工具，用于报告、监测澳大利亚本土植被景观因土地利用与管理实践变化所发生的时空演变。以下为廷滕巴尔（Tintenbar）大灌丛（Big Scrub）样地的详细信息。

前欧洲殖民时期基准类比植被：该样地原属于海拔250米以下、距海岸2公里以上的玄武岩与冲积土发育的低地亚热带雨林。

土地利用与管理变迁简史：
1788年：原住民土地管理——古里（Goori）族群
1823-1825年：探险家奥克斯利（Oxley）随后由鲁斯（Rous）带队遍历该区域
1842年：雪松采伐者“入驻”该区域
1870年：为廷滕巴尔地块编制土地份地或勘测规划图
1880年：19世纪80年代，樟树作为行道树在利斯莫尔（Lismore）街道沿线种植
1885年：原生灌丛已被大量择伐并轻度清理
1900年：使用割灌刀开展清理作业：小型树木以斧头砍伐，大型树木则使用横切锯采伐，灌丛与倒木均被焚烧
1900年：从牧场移除玄武岩石块，用作边界石质围栏；清理牧场中的田间漂浮物，以满足耕作要求
1901年：引种强势牧草，初期为雀稗（Paspalum）
1901-1978年：乳业经营与牧场改良——主要种植基库尤草（Kikuyu）并施加肥料
1968年：观测到樟树入侵溪谷与沟壑，但未采取清除或管控措施
1979年：从乳业转型为肉牛养殖
1980-1987年：移除肉牛——清空牧场牲畜
1981-1987年：观测到杂草入侵原奶牛牧场，包括马缨丹（lantana）、巴纳草（barna）、象草（Pennisetum purpureum，elephant grass）以及烟草灌木，另有少量樟树，但均未被清除或管控
1988年：开始对外出租牧场放牧牲畜
1990-1993年：对外出租牧场放牧马匹与肉牛
1993年：停止对外出租牧场放牧牲畜与马匹
1994-2011年：未加管控的樟树密林持续扩张