Internacionalización de las empresas agrícolas y ganaderas chinas (2006-2021)

This article aims to analyze the key elements that characterize the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of Chinese agricultural companies in the context of the current modernization of agriculture in the country. The premise is that the internationalization of companies in the sector is a strategy for accessing large competitive companies upstream in the value chain, such as intermediate goods, companies with higher levels of accumulated technological capacity, or to strengthen the brand in international markets. Therefore, the internationalization of agricultural companies is a way of internalizing industrial departments in the country's agriculture. State-owned enterprises, subordinated to the SASAC (State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission), can be considered the large Chinese enterprises that guide internationalization in a kind of division of labor that drives domestic economic activity in agriculture. Methodologically, the author developed the article by reviewing major studies on multinational enterprises in developing countries (especially China), multinational enterprises in agriculture and animal husbandry, and survey data and information on FDI transactions by Chinese enterprises in agriculture since 2013. It presented its FDI pattern based on these sources. In addition, it briefly describes the history, organizational structure, and some indicators of the state-owned multinational COFCO Group. It may be considered the leading company in the sector in China and the one that drives the creation, consolidation, and growth of companies operating in the country's domestic food and beverage market. Its strategy is, for example, to comply with the revitalization of the rural environment presented by the State Council and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The main conclusion is that China's agricultural modernization articulates small and large-scale production, and multinational companies are pulling this articulation, making China increasingly occupy a leading position in the international agri-food system.

本文旨在剖析当前我国农业现代化背景下，中国农业企业对外直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment, FDI）的核心特征要素。本文的立论前提为：该领域企业的国际化经营，是对接价值链上游大型竞争性企业（如中间品供应商、技术积累水平更高的企业）的战略路径，亦可用于强化企业在国际市场的品牌影响力。据此，农业企业的国际化经营亦是内化本国农业产业环节的重要途径。隶属于国务院国有资产监督管理委员会（State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, SASAC）的国有企业，可视为引领农业领域国际化经营的大型中国企业，通过特定分工模式驱动本国农业的经济活动。在研究方法层面，本文通过梳理发展中国家（尤其是中国）跨国企业、农牧业跨国企业的相关核心研究，以及2013年以来中国农业企业对外直接投资交易的调研数据与资料，基于上述数据源构建了中国农业企业对外直接投资的模式框架。此外，本文还简要介绍了国有跨国企业中粮集团（COFCO）的发展历程、组织结构与部分核心指标。该集团堪称中国农业领域的领军企业，亦是推动国内食品饮料市场相关企业成长、整合与扩张的核心力量。例如，该集团的战略布局契合国务院与中国共产党中央委员会（Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, CPC）提出的乡村振兴战略。本文的核心结论为：中国农业现代化实现了小规模生产与规模化生产的有机衔接，跨国企业正是这一衔接的推动力量，这一态势正推动中国在国际农业食品体系中逐步占据领军地位。