A hyperspectral and multi-angular synthetic dataset of optical properties for waters with varying trophic levels and optical complexity

This synthetic dataset encompasses inherent and apparent optical properties (IOPs-AOPs) alongside associated bio-geochemical constituents. The bio-optical modeling framework benefited from insights and data accumulated over the past three decades, resulting on a comprehensive dataset of in situ IOPs, including diverse water typologies, and enabling the imposition of rigorous quality standards. Employing the Hydrolight scalar radiative transfer equation solver, we generated above-surface and submarine light fields across the specified spectral range at a “true” hyperspectral resolution (1 nm), covering the ultraviolet down to 350 nm, therefore facilitating algorithm development and assessment for present and forthcoming hyperspectral satellite missions. A condensed version of the dataset tailored to twelve Sentinel-3 OLCI bands (400 nm to 753 nm) was crafted. Derived AOPs encompass an array of above- and below-surface reflectances, diffuse attenuation coefficients, and average cosines, A unique feature of our dataset lies in the calculation of AOPs across the complete range of solar and viewing zenith and azimuthal angles as per the Hydrolight default quadrants. This comprehensive directional coverage caters to studies investigating signal directionality, previously lacking sufficient reference data. The dataset is thus the result of 6500000 Hydrolight simulations, distributed in 5000 files, each file encapsulating a specific IOP scenario, ensuring sufficient data volume for each water type represented. In addition, angularly resolved AOPs are incorporated.本合成数据集涵盖固有光学特性（inherent optical properties, IOP）与表观光学特性（apparent optical properties, AOP），以及相关的生物地球化学组分。该生物光学建模框架依托近三十年积累的研究认知与实测数据构建，最终生成涵盖多样水体类型的原位固有光学特性综合数据集，并可施加严格的质量控制标准。 本研究借助Hydrolight标量辐射传输方程求解器，在指定光谱范围内以“真实”高光谱分辨率（1 nm）生成地表上方与水下光场，覆盖紫外波段至350 nm，可为当前及未来高光谱卫星任务的算法开发与评估提供支撑。此外，本数据集还针对哨兵3号OLCI的12个波段（400 nm至753 nm）构建了精简版本。衍生得到的表观光学特性包含一系列地表上下反射率、漫衰减系数与平均余弦值。 本数据集的独特之处在于，其按照Hydrolight默认的角度象限设置，对全范围的太阳天顶角、观测天顶角与方位角下的表观光学特性进行了计算。这种全面的方向覆盖可满足此前缺乏足够参考数据的信号方向性研究需求。本数据集共包含650万次Hydrolight模拟结果，分布于5000个文件中，每个文件对应一种特定的固有光学特性场景，确保每种水体类型均具备充足的数据量。此外，数据集还纳入了角度解析的表观光学特性数据。