Tendency of extreme attitudes in relation to weight in adolescents and their relationship with family support and body image

Abstract The scope of this study was to evaluate the tendency of extreme attitudes in relation to body weight among adolescents in Brazilian capitals and to verify its relationship with measures of family support and perception of body image. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) for the years 2009, 2012 and 2015. There was an increase in the prevalence of extreme attitudes during the period evaluated. In the final model, higher age, perception of body image as being fat and male gender were associated with a higher incidence of extreme attitudes. However, higher level of schooling of the mother and the variables associated with family support (living with parents, informed parents, eating with parents) were associated with a lower incidence of extreme attitudes. The results of this study revealed that the family and social context is a fundamental issue to be investigated with families, adolescents and schools, as a preventive measure for possible health problems. The need to restructure public policies on health and education for adolescents, which should have the encouragement of family support as a guideline, is suggested.

摘要：本研究旨在评估巴西各州首府青少年群体中针对体重的极端态度倾向，并验证其与家庭支持指标及身体意象感知的关联。本研究依托2009、2012及2015年全国学校健康调查（National School Health Survey，缩写PeNSE）的数据开展横断面研究。在所评估的研究时段内，极端态度的检出率呈上升趋势。在最终回归模型中，年龄更大、认为自身体型偏胖的身体意象感知以及男性性别，均与极端态度更高的发生风险显著相关。然而，母亲受教育程度更高以及各类家庭支持相关变量（与父母同住、父母了解子女状况、与父母共同进餐），均与极端态度更低的发生风险相关。本研究结果显示，家庭与社会环境是需联合家庭、青少年及学校开展研究的核心议题，可作为潜在健康问题的预防干预方向。研究建议，需重构针对青少年的卫生与教育公共政策，并将强化家庭支持作为该政策的核心指导原则。