Friendships of Older Women: Changes Over Time, 1992

Friendships of Older Women: Changes Over Time was a follow-up study designed to examine older women's friendships and the ways in which various friendships may change over time. The study identified changes and stability in the qualities older women attribute to their close friendships. It also explored whether life changes (e.g., marital status, work status or health status) influenced the qualities women identified in their close friendships. Another aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between perceived equity and the women's feelings about their friendships. The types of instrumental and affective exchanges older women have with their friends were identified and compared across friendships. The study focused on instrumental exchanges between close friends, their joint participation in social activities and the women's patterns of self-disclosure with their close friends. The sample included 110 women aged 65-92, living in the Madison area, who had participated in both waves of Traupmann-Pillemer's McBeath Institute Aging Women Project (Log# 00595). Participants completed a telephone interview and a lengthy questionnaire, identical to those used in the original study. The questions dealt with their marital, work and health status as well as details about their close friendships. The Murray Research Archive has all responses to open-ended questions in paper format as well as all numeric file data for this study.

《老年女性的友谊：随时间的变化》（Friendships of Older Women: Changes Over Time）是一项追踪研究，旨在探讨老年女性的友谊关系，以及各类友谊随时间推移的演变路径。该研究梳理了老年女性对自身亲密友谊所赋予的特质的变化与稳定性；同时探究人生变故（如婚姻状况、职业状况或健康状况）是否会影响女性对自身亲密友谊特质的认知。本研究的另一核心目标是考察感知公平性（perceived equity）与女性对自身友谊的情感体验之间的关联。研究明确了老年女性与朋友间的工具性交换（instrumental exchanges）与情感性交换（affective exchanges）类型，并对不同友谊关系中的此类交换模式进行了对比分析。研究重点涵盖亲密好友间的工具性互动、双方共同参与的社交活动，以及老年女性与亲密好友的自我表露（self-disclosure）模式。

本研究的样本为110名年龄介于65至92岁之间、居住于麦迪逊地区的女性，她们均参与了Traupmann-Pillemer主持的麦比思研究所老年女性项目（McBeath Institute Aging Women Project，编号：Log# 00595）的两轮数据采集。受访对象完成了电话访谈与一份篇幅较长的问卷，该问卷与原始研究中使用的调研工具完全一致，问题内容涵盖其婚姻、职业与健康状况，以及关于亲密友谊的详细信息。

本研究所有开放式问题的纸质答卷数据，以及全部数值型文件数据，均由默里研究档案馆（Murray Research Archive）收藏保存。