Table_7_Liver Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup in Mice.xlsx

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a viscous mixture of glucose and fructose that is used primarily as a food additive. This article explored the effect of HFCS on lipid metabolism-expressed genes and the mouse gut microbiome. In total, ten 3-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups, including the control group, given purified water (Group C) and 30% HFCS in water (Group H) for 16 weeks. Liver and colonic content were collected for transcriptome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. HFCS significantly increased body weight, epididymal, perirenal fat weight in mice (p < 0.05), and the proportion of lipid droplets in liver tissue. The expression of the ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 (Elovl3) gene was reduced, while Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg), fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2), acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot2), acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot3), acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (Acot4), and fatty acid binding protein 2 (Fabp2) was increased in Group H. Compared with Group C, the abundance of Firmicutes was decreased in Group H, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was obviously decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Parasutterella was increased in Group H, whereas that of Staphylococcus, Peptococcus, Parabacteroides, Donghicola, and Turicibacter was reduced in Group H. Pparg, Acot2, Acot3, and Scd1 were positively correlated with Erysipelatoclostridium and negatively correlated with Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Turicibacter. Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with Elovl3. Overall, HFCS affects body lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of lipid metabolism genes in the liver through the gut microbiome.

高果糖玉米糖浆（High fructose corn syrup, HFCS）是一种以葡萄糖和果糖为主要成分的粘稠混合物，主要用作食品添加剂。本研究探讨了高果糖玉米糖浆对小鼠脂质代谢相关基因表达及肠道菌群的影响。本研究总计选取10只3周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠，随机分为两组：对照组（C组）给予纯净水，实验组（H组）给予含30%高果糖玉米糖浆的水溶液，干预周期为16周。分别采集肝脏组织与结肠内容物，用于转录组测序及16S rRNA基因测序。实验结果显示，高果糖玉米糖浆可显著提升小鼠体重、附睾脂肪及肾周脂肪重量（p < 0.05），同时增加肝脏组织内脂滴占比。H组小鼠肝脏组织中ELOVL脂肪酸延长酶3（ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3, Elovl3）的表达水平显著下调，而硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1, Scd1）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, Pparg）、脂肪酸去饱和酶2（Fads2）、酰基辅酶A硫酯酶2（Acot2）、酰基辅酶A硫酯酶3（Acot3）、酰基辅酶A硫酯酶4（Acot4）及脂肪酸结合蛋白2（Fabp2）的表达水平显著上调。与C组相比，H组小鼠肠道菌群中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的丰度降低，拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的丰度升高，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值显著下降。在属水平上，H组小鼠肠道菌群中双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、粪便杆菌属（Faecalibaculum）、红蝽杆菌属（Erysipelatoclostridium）及副萨特氏菌属（Parasutterella）的相对丰度显著升高，而葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、消化球菌属（Peptococcus）、副杆菌属（Parabacteroides）、董氏杆菌属（Donghicola）及图里杆菌属（Turicibacter）的相对丰度显著降低。相关性分析结果显示，Pparg、Acot2、Acot3及Scd1的表达水平与红蝽杆菌属呈正相关，与副杆菌属、葡萄球菌属及图里杆菌属呈负相关；双歧杆菌属的相对丰度与Elovl3的表达水平呈负相关。综上，高果糖玉米糖浆可通过调控肠道菌群，影响肝脏脂质代谢相关基因的表达，进而改变机体脂质代谢状态。