Table_2_Geography-Driven Evolution of Potato Virus A Revealed by Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Complete Genome.DOCX

Potato virus A (PVA), a member of the genus Potyvirus, is an important potato pathogen that causes 30%–40% yield reduction to global potato production. Knowledge on the genetic structure and the evolutionary forces shaping the structure of this pathogen is limited but vital in developing effective management strategies. In this study, we investigated the population structure and molecular evolution of PVA by analyzing novel complete genomic sequences from Chinese isolates combined with available sequences from Europe, South America, Oceania, and North America. High nucleotide diversity was discovered among the populations studied. Pairwise FST values between geographical populations of PVA ranged from 0.22 to 0.46, indicating a significant spatial structure for this pathogen. Although purifying selection was detected at the majority of polymorphic sites, significant positive selection was identified in the P1, NIa, and NIb proteins, pointing to adaptive evolution of PVA. Further phylogeny–trait association analysis showed that the clustering of PVA isolates was significantly correlated with geographic regions, suggesting that geography-driven adaptation may be an important determinant of PVA diversification.

马铃薯A病毒（Potato virus A, PVA）隶属于马铃薯Y病毒属（Potyvirus），是一类危害马铃薯的重要病原物，可造成全球马铃薯产量减产30%~40%。目前学界对该病原物的遗传结构及其塑造该结构的演化驱动力的认知仍较为有限，但此类认知对于制定高效防控策略至关重要。本研究通过分析中国分离株的全新完整基因组序列，并结合欧洲、南美洲、大洋洲及北美洲已公开的PVA序列，解析了PVA的种群结构与分子演化特征。在所研究的PVA种群中检测到较高水平的核苷酸多样性。PVA不同地理种群间的成对FST值介于0.22至0.46之间，表明该病原物存在显著的空间遗传结构。尽管多数多态性位点呈现纯化选择作用，但研究在P1、NIa及NIb蛋白中检测到显著的正向选择信号，提示PVA存在适应性演化。后续开展的系统发育-性状关联分析显示，PVA分离株的聚类结果与地理区域显著相关，表明地理驱动的适应性演化可能是PVA种群分化的重要决定因素。