EFFECTS OF TWO PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS ACCORDING TO SEX

ABSTRACT This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effects of two physical exercise programs offered in the context of physical education classes on physical fitness indicators. The convenience sample consisted of 91 students aged 9-12 years who formed the group's Body Training (GBT; 45 students) and Physical Education (PE; 45 students). Body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, and abdominal muscle strength (LMS) were measured. The “Paired t-test” and repeated measures ANOVA were used. The size of the effect was estimated by the “partial squared eta”, stratified by sex, with a 5% probability of an error being accepted. The results showed in boys a very high effect in the PFC group on CRF, flexibility, and FML and a high effect in the PEF group on flexibility and FML. In girls, a very high effect in the GBT group on CRF, flexibility, and FML, and the PE group greatly affected flexibility and FML and had a high effect on CRF. There was no effect on BMI in either group. We emphasize that this single weekly meeting (15 minutes of GBT) was able to have a very high and high effect on fitness in favor of the GBT in both genders.摘要 本类实验研究评估了两类在体育课场景中实施的体育锻炼方案对身体健康指标的影响。本研究采用便利抽样法，纳入91名9~12岁的学生，分别组建身体训练组（Body Training, GBT，45名学生）与常规体育课组（Physical Education, PE，45名学生）。研究测量了身体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）、心肺耐力（Cardiorespiratory Fitness, CRF）、柔韧性以及腹部肌肉力量（LMS）四项指标。数据分析采用配对t检验（Paired t-test）与重复测量方差分析（repeated measures ANOVA）。以5%的误差接受概率为显著性阈值，按性别分层分组，通过偏η平方（partial squared eta）估算效应量大小。 研究结果显示，男生群体中，PFC组在心肺耐力、柔韧性及FML指标上呈现极强效应，PEF组在柔韧性与FML指标上呈现较强效应。女生群体中，GBT组在心肺耐力、柔韧性及FML指标上呈现极强效应；PE组则对柔韧性与FML指标影响极强，且对心肺耐力具有较强效应。两组在身体质量指数上均未观测到显著效应。本研究强调，每周单次、时长15分钟的GBT训练，即可在两类性别群体中对身体素质产生极强与较强的正向效应，且效果优于PE组。