GitHub repo for Spencer et al. 2019, Oly carryover effects

GitHub repository for manuscript, <i>Carry-over effects of temperature and pCO₂ across multiple Olympia oyster populations.</i><i><br></i>To view in GitHub: https://github.com/RobertsLab/Paper-oly-adult-oa<i><br></i><b>Abstract</b><b><br></b>Impacts of adult exposure to elevated winter temperature and altered carbonate chemistry on reproduction and offspring viability were examined in the Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida). Three distinct populations of adult, hatchery-reared O. lurida, plus an additional cohort spawned from one of the populations, were sequentially exposed to elevated temperature (+4°C, at 10°C), followed by elevated pCO2 (+2204 µatm, at 3045 µatm) during winter months. Male gametes were more developed after elevated temperature exposure and less developed after high pCO2 exposure, but there was no impact on female gametes or sex ratios. Oysters previously exposed to elevated winter temperature released larvae earlier, regardless of pCO2 exposure. Those exposed to elevated winter temperature as a sole treatment produced more larvae per day, but when oysters were also exposed to high pCO2 there was no effect. These combined results indicate that elevated winter temperature accelerates O. lurida spermatogenesis, resulting in earlier larval release and increased production, with elevated pCO2 exposure negating effects of elevated temperature. Offspring were reared in common conditions for one year, then deployed in four bays for three months. Offspring of parents exposed to elevated pCO2 had higher survival rates in two of the four bays, which had distinct environmental conditions. This carryover effect demonstrates that parental conditions can have substantial ecologically relevant impacts that should be considered when predicting impacts of environmental change. <br>本仓库为对应学术论文手稿的GitHub仓库，论文标题为《多群体奥林匹亚牡蛎（Olympia oyster）的温度与二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）遗留效应》。 该仓库的GitHub访问地址：https://github.com/RobertsLab/Paper-oly-adult-oa **摘要** 本研究以奥林匹亚牡蛎（Ostrea lurida）为对象，探究了成体暴露于冬季升温及碳酸盐化学条件改变对其繁殖与子代存活力的影响。我们选取了3个独立的孵化场繁育的成年O. lurida种群，外加从其中一个种群繁育得到的1个附加群组，在冬季月份依次使其暴露于升温环境（升温4℃，基准温度为10℃），随后再暴露于高二氧化碳分压环境（分压升高2204 μatm，基准分压为3045 μatm）。 升温处理后，雄性配子发育更为成熟；而高pCO₂处理后，雄性配子发育则受到抑制，但该处理对雌性配子及性比均无显著影响。无论后续是否经历高pCO₂处理，曾暴露于冬季升温环境的牡蛎均会提前排放幼虫。仅接受冬季升温单一处理的牡蛎每日可产出更多幼虫，但当牡蛎同时暴露于高pCO₂环境时，这一繁殖优势便不复存在。 综合上述结果可知，冬季升温可加速奥林匹亚牡蛎的精子发生过程，进而促使幼虫提前排放并提升繁殖产量，而高pCO₂暴露会抵消升温带来的上述影响。子代在统一培养条件下繁育一年后，被投放至4个环境条件各异的海湾中进行为期3个月的野外定植。亲代曾暴露于高pCO₂环境的子代，在其中2个海湾中的存活率更高。 这一遗留效应表明，亲代所处的环境条件可产生具有重要生态学意义的影响，在预测环境变化的生态效应时，应当将该因素纳入考量范畴。