High-Impact Precipitation Events in the European Alps (1961–2022)

High-Impact Precipitation Events in the European Alps (1961–2022) This repository contains the datasets generated in the analysis of High-Impact Precipitation Events (HIPEs) in the European Alps (1961–2022). The dataset is based on the Alpine Combined Precipitation Dataset (ACPD) (also generated in this work) and includes both single-day and multi-day event rankings, enriched event metadata (.csv), and gridded spatial products (.rds) over the Alpine Convention area. In version 2, "ACDP_HIPEs_Alps_1961-2022_enriched.csv" was replaced by "ACPD_HIPEs_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday_enriched.csv" because of an issue in Flood, River_flood and Flash_flood columns. 1. ACPD_HIPEs_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday_enriched.csv Enriched list of multi-day HIPEs with event-level metadata. Variables: Event: unique event identifier A: affected area (fraction of the Alpine Convention area) m: averaged magnitude (exceedence over the threshold) m_log: log-transformed averaged magnitude M: overal magnitude (A*m_log) Start_date: event start date End_date: event end date Duration: event length in days WT: sequence of associated Weather Types (abbreviated codes) Flood: indicator (0/1) of flood occurrence River_flood: indicator (0/1) of riverine flood occurrence Flash_flood: indicator (0/1) of flash flood occurrence Fatalities_Fl: number of reported fatalities NUTS_ID: NUTS3 regional codes of affected areas CNTR_CODE: ISO country codes (IT, FR, CH, AT, SI, …) 2. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022.csv Ranking of single-day HIPEs. Variables: time: date (YYYY-MM-DD) A: affected area (fraction of Alpine domain) m: averaged magnitude (exceedence over the threshold) m_log: log-transformed averaged magnitude M: overal magnitude (A*m_log) 3. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday.csv Ranking of multi-day HIPEs (consecutive HIPE days are concatenated into a same event. Same as 1). Variables: Event: unique identifier A: affected area m: averaged magnitude (exceedence over the threshold) m_log: log-transformed averaged magnitude M: overal magnitude (A*m_log) Start_date: start date End_date: end date Duration: number of consecutive days 4. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022_gridded.rds RDS object containing the gridded representation of single-day HIPEs over the Alpine Convention domain. time: date (YYYY-MM-DD) lat: grid cell latitude (°N) lon: grid cell longitude (°E) P_H: precipitation at the grid cell for the individual HIPE (mm) A: affected area (same event-level value as in the single-day ranking CSV, not spatialized) m: event severity (accumulated precipitation, mm; same value as in CSV, not spatialized) m_log: log-transformed severity (same as CSV, not spatialized) M: combined magnitude index (same as CSV, not spatialized) facet_var: auxiliary variable for faceting/grouping in visualizations Note: Only P_H is a spatially explicit variable (grid cell precipitation). Other variables (A, m, m_log, M) are event-level descriptors replicated across the Alps. 5. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday_gridded.rds RDS object containing the gridded representation of multi-day HIPEs over the Alpine Convention domain. Event: Event identifier lat: grid cell latitude (°N) lon: grid cell longitude (°E) P_H: precipitation at the grid cell for the individual HIPE (mm) Start_date: starting event date End_date: ending event date M: combined magnitude index (same as CSV, not spatialized) facet_var: auxiliary variable for faceting/grouping in visualizations Note: Only P_H is a spatially explicit variable (grid cell precipitation). Other variables (A, m, m_log, M) are event-level descriptors replicated across the Alps. 6. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_threshold_nevents_1961-2022_gridded.rds RDS object with the thresholds used for HIPE detection (per grid cell), together with the total number of (single-day) events detected at each location. lon: grid cell longitude (°E) lat: grid cell latitude (°N) Thr: Precipitation threshold at the grid cell level used to determine a HIPE Events: Number of days over the threshold欧洲阿尔卑斯山区强致灾降水事件（1961–2022） 本仓库包含针对1961–2022年欧洲阿尔卑斯山区强致灾降水事件（High-Impact Precipitation Events, HIPEs）开展分析所生成的数据集。本数据集基于本研究同期生成的阿尔卑斯综合降水数据集（Alpine Combined Precipitation Dataset, ACPD），涵盖单日及多日事件排名、补充完善的事件元数据（.csv格式）以及阿尔卑斯公约覆盖区域内的格点化空间产品（.rds格式）。在V2版本中，由于Flood、River_flood与Flash_flood列存在数据问题，原"ACDP_HIPEs_Alps_1961-2022_enriched.csv"已替换为"ACPD_HIPEs_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday_enriched.csv"。 1. ACPD_HIPEs_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday_enriched.csv 该文件为多日HIPEs的补充完善列表，附带事件级元数据。变量说明如下： Event：唯一事件标识符 A：受影响区域（占阿尔卑斯公约区域的比例） m：平均强度（阈值以上的超量值） m_log：对数变换后的平均强度 M：总强度（A × m_log） Start_date：事件开始日期 End_date：事件结束日期 Duration：事件持续时长（单位：天） WT：关联天气型序列（缩写代码） Flood：洪水发生指示变量（0/1） River_flood：河道洪水发生指示变量（0/1） Flash_flood：山洪发生指示变量（0/1） Fatalities_Fl：报告的死亡人数 NUTS_ID：受影响区域的NUTS3区域代码 CNTR_CODE：ISO国家代码（如IT、FR、CH、AT、SI等） 2. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022.csv 该文件为单日HIPEs的排名列表。变量说明如下： time：日期（格式：YYYY-MM-DD） A：受影响区域（占阿尔卑斯研究域的比例） m：平均强度（阈值以上的超量值） m_log：对数变换后的平均强度 M：总强度（A × m_log） 3. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday.csv 该文件为多日HIPEs的排名列表（连续的单日HIPE日将被合并为同一事件，与第1项内容一致）。变量说明如下： Event：唯一标识符 A：受影响区域 m：平均强度（阈值以上的超量值） m_log：对数变换后的平均强度 M：总强度（A × m_log） Start_date：开始日期 End_date：结束日期 Duration：连续天数 4. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022_gridded.rds 该RDS格式对象存储了阿尔卑斯公约区域内单日HIPEs的格点化表征数据。变量说明如下： time：日期（格式：YYYY-MM-DD） lat：格点纬度（单位：°N） lon：格点经度（单位：°E） P_H：该格点对应单次HIPE的降水量（单位：mm） A：受影响区域（与单日排名CSV中的事件级数值一致，未空间化） m：事件强度（累计降水量，单位：mm；与CSV中的数值一致，未空间化） m_log：对数变换后的强度（与CSV一致，未空间化） M：综合强度指数（与CSV一致，未空间化） facet_var：用于可视化中分面/分组的辅助变量 注：仅P_H为空间显式变量（格点降水量），其余变量（A、m、m_log、M）为事件级描述符，在阿尔卑斯全域范围内重复匹配。 5. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_1961-2022_multiday_gridded.rds 该RDS格式对象存储了阿尔卑斯公约区域内多日HIPEs的格点化表征数据。变量说明如下： Event：事件标识符 lat：格点纬度（单位：°N） lon：格点经度（单位：°E） P_H：该格点对应单次HIPE的降水量（单位：mm） Start_date：事件开始日期 End_date：事件结束日期 M：综合强度指数（与CSV中的数值一致，未空间化） facet_var：用于可视化中分面/分组的辅助变量 注：仅P_H为空间显式变量（格点降水量），其余变量（A、m、m_log、M）为事件级描述符，在阿尔卑斯全域范围内重复匹配。 6. ACPD_HIPE_Ranking_threshold_nevents_1961-2022_gridded.rds 该RDS格式对象存储了用于HIPE检测的格点阈值，以及每个位置检测到的（单日）事件总数。变量说明如下： lon：格点经度（单位：°E） lat：格点纬度（单位：°N） Thr：用于判定HIPE的格点级降水阈值 Events：超过阈值的天数