Data_Sheet_1_Biodegradation of Phenanthrene and Heavy Metal Removal by Acid-Tolerant Burkholderia fungorum FM-2.docx

Phenanthrene (PHE) is a common pollutant of acidic and non-acidic environments that is recalcitrant to biodegradation. Herein, Burkholderia fungorum FM-2 (GenBank accession no. KM263605) was isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Xinjiang and characterized morphologically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Environmental parameters including PHE concentration, pH, temperature, and salinity were optimized, and heavy metal tolerance was investigated. The MIC of strain FM-2 tolerant to Pb(II) and Cd(II) was 50 and 400 mg L−1, respectively, while the MIC of Zn(II) was >1,200 mg L−1. Atypically for a B. fungorum strain, FM-2 utilized PHE (300 mg L−1) as a sole carbon source over a wide pH range (between pH 3 and 9). PHE and heavy metal metabolism were assessed using gas chromatography (GC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrometry. The effects of heavy metals on the bioremediation of PHE in soil were investigated, and the findings suggest that FM-2 has potential for combined bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with PHE and heavy metals.

菲（Phenanthrene, PHE）是酸性与非酸性环境中常见的难生物降解污染物。本研究从新疆石油污染土壤中分离得到真菌伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia fungorum）FM-2菌株，其GenBank登录号为KM263605，并对其进行了形态学、生理学及系统发育学表征。研究优化了包括PHE浓度、pH值、温度及盐度在内的环境参数，并考察了该菌株的重金属耐受性。FM-2菌株对Pb(II)和Cd(II)的最低抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC）分别为50 mg L⁻¹和400 mg L⁻¹，对Zn(II)的MIC则大于1200 mg L⁻¹。与真菌伯克霍尔德菌的典型菌株不同，FM-2可在pH 3至9的宽幅范围内，以300 mg L⁻¹的PHE作为唯一碳源进行代谢利用。本研究采用气相色谱（GC）、电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱（ICP-OES）、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱（SEM-EDS）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱及紫外（UV）吸收光谱法，对PHE与重金属的代谢情况进行了评估。此外，本研究还考察了重金属对土壤中PHE生物修复的影响，结果表明FM-2菌株具备用于PHE与重金属复合污染土壤协同生物修复的应用潜力。