ACA DGE data(Single cell RNA-seq part_larva neotenic axolotls)

Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a promising tetrapod model in regeneration and developmental studies. Neotenic axolotl rarely undergoes spontaneous metamorphosis. A system single-cell analysis of neotenic and metamorphosed axolotl molecular characteristics is still lacking. During thyroxine-induced metamorphosis in adult axolotls, regeneration ability and lifespan may gradually decline. These phenotypes may cause by cell type transition and gene expression perturbation. Here, we adopted a combinatorial hybridization based single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus ATAC-seq method to generate tissue based multi-omics atlas of adult axolotl. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiling of ~1.2 million single cells and nuclei across 19 tissues constructed the first adult axolotl cell atlas. Single-cell chromatin accessibility dataset defined critical regulators and its motif in neotenic axolotl tissues. Comparison between neoteny and metamorphosis tissues revealed transcriptome heterogeneity of structural cells in different tissues and their sophisticated regulatory network. Furthermore, we described dynamic gene expression pattern during neotenic axolotl limb development. These data serve as a rich resource to explore molecular identity of axolotl as well as its metamorphosis.

墨西哥钝口螈（Ambystoma mexicanum）是再生与发育研究领域极具潜力的四足动物模型。幼态持续型钝口螈极少发生自发变态。目前仍缺乏针对幼态持续型与变态型钝口螈分子特征的系统性单细胞分析。在成年钝口螈经甲状腺素诱导的变态过程中，其再生能力与寿命可能逐渐下降。此类表型可能由细胞类型转变与基因表达扰动所导致。本研究采用基于组合杂交策略的单细胞RNA测序（single-cell RNA-seq）与单细胞核ATAC测序（single-nucleus ATAC-seq）技术，构建了成年钝口螈的组织水平多组学图谱。通过对19种组织中约120万个单细胞与单细胞核开展基因表达及染色质可及性谱分析，构建了首个成年钝口螈细胞图谱。单细胞染色质可及性数据集明确了幼态持续型钝口螈组织中的关键调控因子及其结合基序。幼态持续与变态组织的比较分析揭示了不同组织中结构细胞的转录组异质性及其复杂的调控网络。此外，本研究还阐明了幼态持续型钝口螈肢体发育过程中的动态基因表达模式。本数据集可为探索钝口螈的分子特征及其变态过程提供宝贵的研究资源。