Table_3_Constructing a Core Collection of the Medicinal Plant Angelica biserrata Using Genetic and Metabolic Data.xlsx

Angelica biserrata is an important medicinal plant in Chinese traditional medicine. Its roots, which are known as Duhuo in Chinese, are broadly applied to treat inflammation, arthritis, and headache. With increasing market demand, the wild resources of A. biserrata have been overexploited, and conservation, assessment of genetic resources and breeding for this species is needed. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of A. biserrata and developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from it to construct a core collection based on 208 samples collected from Changyang-related regions. A total of 132 alleles were obtained for 17 SSR loci used with the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranging from 0.44 to 0.83. Abundant genetic diversity was inferred by Shannon’s information index (1.51), observed (0.57) and expected heterozygosity (0.72). The clustering analysis resulted into two sample groups and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed only 6% genetic variation existed among populations. A further metabolic analysis of these samples revealed the main coumarin contents, such as osthole and columbianadin. According to the genetic and metabolic data, we adopted the least distance stepwise sampling strategy to construct seven preliminary core collections, of which the 20CC collection, which possessed 42 A. biserrata individuals accounting for 90.20% of the genetic diversity of the original germplasm, represented the best core collection. This study will contribute to the conservation and management of A. biserrata wild germplasm resources and provide a material basis for future selection and breeding of this medicinal plant.

重齿当归（Angelica biserrata）是中国传统医药中的重要药用植物。其根部在中药中被称为独活（Duhuo），被广泛用于治疗炎症、关节炎与头痛。随着市场需求持续增长，重齿当归的野生资源遭到过度开发，亟需针对该物种开展种质资源保护、遗传评估与育种研究。本研究对重齿当归的转录组进行了测序，并以此开发了简单序列重复（simple sequence repeat, SSR）标记，基于从长阳周边区域采集的208份样本构建了该物种的核心种质库。本次使用的17个SSR位点共获得132个等位基因，其多态性信息含量（polymorphic information content, PIC）介于0.44至0.83之间。通过香农信息指数（1.51）、观测杂合度（0.57）与期望杂合度（0.72）分析，可推断该群体具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析将供试样本划分为两个类群，分子方差分析（analysis of molecular variance, AMOVA）结果显示，种群间的遗传变异仅占总变异的6%。对上述样本开展的进一步代谢组分析，明确了其主要香豆素类成分，包括蛇床子素（osthole）与哥伦比亚素（columbianadin）。结合遗传与代谢组数据，本研究采用最短距离逐步抽样策略构建了7套初步核心种质库。其中包含42份重齿当归材料的20CC核心种质库，可覆盖原始种质90.20%的遗传多样性，为最优核心种质库。本研究可为该物种野生种质资源的保护与管理提供重要支撑，同时为该药用植物后续的品种选育工作奠定坚实的材料基础。