Anatomical classification of lingual frenulum in babies

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the anatomical aspects of the lingual frenulum of babies attended the Reference Center for Hearing Health / CRESA, of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás / PUC Goiás. Methods: it is a cross-sectional, observational, analytical study with a quantitative approach. Babies between 1 and 4 months, of both genders, fed in the womb, were evaluated; babies with anatomical and physiological changes in the face, pre or post maturity or neurological impairment were excluded. For the anatomical classification of the lingual frenulum were analyzed the thickness of the frenulum and its attachment on the tongue and mouth floor, from the "Lingual frenulum protocol with scores for infants" (MARTINELLI; MARCHESAN; BERRETIN-FELIX, 2013). Results: it was possible to view the frenulum in 165 babies, being 104 normal and 61 altered. In just one baby was not possible to see the frenulum. Among the normal frenulum, were prevalent those with the attachment in the middle third and visible from the sublingual caruncles. Among the altered frenulum was more frequent those with attachment between the middle third and the apex and visible from inferior alveolar crest. Thin thickness was predominant. Among the babies with altered frenulum, 24 had altered suction and, of the babies with normal frenulum 18 had altered suction. Conclusion: the lingual frenulum were classified as normal or altered, being predominant normal lingual frenulum and thin thickness. Altered frenulum was prevalent in males. Babies with altered lingual frenulum showed more change of alteration in suction, although the correlation between frenulum and suction was low.

摘要
目的：分析就诊于戈亚斯州教皇天主教大学（Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás，简称PUC Goiás）听力健康参考中心（CRESA）的婴儿舌系带（lingual frenulum）的解剖学特征。
方法：本研究为横断面观察性分析研究，采用定量研究方法。纳入研究对象为性别不限、1~4月龄且胎龄适宜的婴儿；排除存在面部解剖与生理异常、早产/过期产或神经功能损害的婴儿。参照《婴儿舌系带评分方案》（MARTINELLI、MARCHESAN、BERRETIN-FELIX，2013），从舌系带厚度、舌体与口底附着位置两方面对舌系带进行解剖学分类评估。
结果：共165名婴儿可观察到舌系带，其中104例为正常舌系带，61例为异常舌系带；仅1名婴儿无法观察到舌系带。正常舌系带中，以附着于舌体中1/3且从舌下肉阜处可见的类型最为常见。异常舌系带中，以附着于舌体中1/3与舌尖之间且从下颌牙槽嵴下方可见的类型最为多见，且薄型舌系带占比更高。在异常舌系带的婴儿中，24名存在吸吮功能异常；而在正常舌系带的婴儿中，18名存在吸吮功能异常。
结论：舌系带可分为正常与异常两类，其中正常舌系带与薄型舌系带占比更高。异常舌系带在男性婴儿中更为多见。伴异常舌系带的婴儿吸吮功能异常发生率更高，尽管舌系带状态与吸吮功能之间的相关性较低。