Deriving An Object Dislocation Asymmetry In Luganda

In this paper, I document and analyze an object-dislocation asymmetry in Luganda (Bantu: JE15) that becomes apparent only upon comparing double object left-dislocation versus double object right-dislocation. If two objects are left-dislocated, the object markers (OMs) on the verb are strictly ordered OMTHEME > OMGOAL/BEN and the dislocated objects are ordered freely, either goal/ben > theme or theme > goal/ben. In contrast, if two objects are right-dislocated, the objects cannot be freely ordered — two right-dislocated objects must be ordered goal/ben > theme. However, in double object right-dislocation, the OMs must also be ordered OMTHEME > OMGOAL/BEN . I propose that this asymmetry can be captured if left-dislocated objects are base generated in their surface position, whereas right-dislocated objects are derived via movement. Several predictions concerning binding and superiority effects are borne out, providing support for the analysis.

本文记录并分析了卢干达语（Luganda，班图语系：JE15）中的宾语移位不对称现象，该现象仅在对比双宾语左移位与双宾语右移位结构时方可显现。当两个宾语发生左移位时，动词上的宾语标记（object markers，OMs）需严格遵循「受事宾语标记 > 目标/受益宾语标记」的语序，而移位的宾语本身语序较为自由，可采用「目标/受益>受事」或「受事>目标/受益」两种排列方式。与之形成对照的是，当两个宾语发生右移位时，宾语语序不得自由排布——双宾语右移位结构必须采用「目标/受益>受事」的固定语序。但在此类双宾语右移位结构中，动词上的宾语标记仍需严格遵循「受事宾语标记 > 目标/受益宾语标记」的语序要求。本文提出，若假设左移位宾语直接基础生成于表层位置，而右移位宾语需通过移位操作派生得到，则上述不对称现象可得到合理解释。后续针对约束效应与优越效应的多项预测均得到了实证支持，进一步佐证了该分析的合理性。