Federal Justice Statistics Program: Defendants in Federal Criminal Cases Filed in District Court, 2006 [United States]

The data contain records of defendants in criminal cases filed in United States District Court during fiscal year 2006. The data were constructed from the Administrative Office of the United States District Courts' (AOUSC) criminal file. Defendants in criminal cases may be either individuals or corporations. There is one record for each defendant in each case filed. Included in the records are data from court proceedings and offense codes for up to five offenses charged at the time the case was filed. (The most serious charge at termination may differ from the most serious charge at case filing, due to plea bargaining or action of the judge or jury.) In a case with multiple charges against the defendant, a "most serious" offense charge is determined by a hierarchy of offenses based on statutory maximum penalties associated with the charges. The data file contains variables from the original AOUSC files as well as additional analysis variables, or "SAF variables," that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 4.1-4.5 and 5.1-5.6. Variables containing information (e.g., name, Social Security number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.

本数据集收录了2006财年美国联邦地区法院（United States District Court）立案的刑事案件被告人的相关记录。数据集基于美国联邦地区法院行政办公室（Administrative Office of the United States District Courts, AOUSC）的刑事案件档案构建而成。刑事案件的被告人既可以是自然人，也可以是法人；每一起立案案件中的每名被告人对应一条专属记录。每条记录均包含案件立案时的法庭程序数据，以及最多五项指控的犯罪代码。（由于辩诉交易、法官或陪审团的裁决变动，案件审结时的最严重指控可能与立案时的初始指控存在差异。）若被告人面临多项指控，则将依据各项指控对应的法定最高刑，通过犯罪层级划分规则确定「最严重」指控罪名。本数据集文件既包含AOUSC原始档案中的变量，也包含额外的分析变量——即SAF变量（SAF variables），用于标记数据集的子集。此类SAF变量与《联邦司法统计汇编》（Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics）中表格4.1-4.5及5.1-5.6所刊载的统计数据相关。包含个人身份信息（如姓名、社会保障号（Social Security number））的变量均已替换为空值，同时日期字段的日份信息也已进行脱敏处理，以保护自然人的身份隐私。本数据集为城市研究所（Urban Institute，华盛顿特区（Washington, DC））与美国司法统计局（Bureau of Justice Statistics）联合设计的系列数据之一，数据集及配套文档均由城市研究所编制完成。