Data for: Perennial flower strips increase pollinator and natural enemy abundance but show limited efficacy in pest control for adjacent crops

We sampled pollinators, natural enemies, and herbivores using visual observations, yellow sticky traps, pitfall traps and tiller counts, as well as estimated predation and decomposition rates using sentinel prey cards and bait lamina strips in ten pairs of pollinator attractive perennial flower strips and control field margins, and their adjacent cereal fields in Skåne, Sweden in 2021.

Field margins (flower strip vs spontaneous vegetation control) were characterized by estimating the percentage of plant cover and the total floral area (for each species we calculated the number of floral units x average floral area) in eight 0.6 x 0.6 m quadrats evenly distributed along a 100 m transect. Data was collected twice during the main growing period of the flower mixture.

Pollinators (hoverflies, honey bees, bumblebees, solitary bees and butterflies) visiting flowers were surveyed for 10 minutes along a 100 m long and 1 m wide transect in each field margin type. Pollinators were surveyed twice during the main period of the flower mixture on the same days as the margin characterization was done.

Leaf-dwelling natural enemies and herbivores were sampled using yellow sticky traps (20 cm x 12.6 cm). Four traps of each type were placed along the 100 m transect in the field margins and another four in the adjacent crop area, at 10 m from the margins, for a total of 16 traps per site. Traps were spaced 20 m apart within each transect and remained in the field for seven days. Data was collected twice during the main period of the flower mixture.

Ground-dwelling natural enemies were sampled using pitfall traps made from polypropylene beakers (12 cm diameter) filled with 200 mL of soapy water. Four traps of each type were placed along the 100 m transect in the field margins and another four in the adjacent crop area, at 10 m from the margins, for a total of 16 traps per site. Traps were spaced 20 m apart within each transect and remained in the field for seven days. Data was collected twice during the main period of the flower mixture.

We counted and identified all arthropods found on four groups of five tillers located along each adjacent crop transect, spaced every 20 m, resulting in 80 crop tillers per site. Data was collected twice during the main period of the flower mixture.

Sentinel aphid cards were set up in the field to estimate aphid predation rates. Four groups of two cards at ground level and two cards at vegetation level were set up along each adjacent crop transect, spaced every 20 m, resulting in 32 cards per site. Sentinel prey cards were exposed simultaneously during the first sampling interval of the tiller counts. After 24 hours of exposure, the sentinel prey cards were collected, and the remaining aphids were counted.

Decomposition rates were estimated by setting up bait lamina strips filled with a standardized bait mixture. Four groups of five strips were placed along each 100 m transect, with groups spaced every 20 m, resulting in 80 strips per site. Within each group, strips were spaced 20 cm apart. The lamina strips were buried in the ground for 15 days, coinciding with the end of the surveys. After this exposure period, we recorded the number of pierced holes and calculated the decomposition rate by dividing the number of pierced holes by the total number of bait-filled holes.

All data were aggregated across samples and survey rounds for each field margin habitat and the adjacent in-crop area.

For further information, see methods in the manuscript Rodríguez-Gasol et al. ’Perennial flower strips increase pollinator and natural enemy abundance but show limited efficacy in pest control for adjacent crops’.

2021年，我们在瑞典斯科讷（Skåne）地区的10组传粉昆虫诱集多年生花带与对照田埂及其相邻谷物农田中，通过目视观察、黄色粘虫板（yellow sticky traps）、坑道诱捕器（pitfall traps）以及分蘖计数法（tiller counts）对传粉昆虫、天敌昆虫与植食性昆虫开展采样；同时利用哨兵猎物卡（sentinel prey cards）与诱饵薄片条（bait lamina strips）估算捕食速率与分解速率。

针对田埂（分为花带组与自然植被对照组），我们在沿100m样带均匀布设的8个0.6×0.6m样方（quadrats）中，估算其植物盖度百分比与总花面积——针对每个物种，通过「花单位数（floral units）×平均单花面积」计算总花面积。该调查在花混播主生育期内开展两次，且与田埂生境表征调查的日期一致。

传粉昆虫（食蚜蝇（hoverflies）、蜜蜂（honey bees）、熊蜂（bumblebees）、独居蜂（solitary bees）与蝴蝶）的访花调查，在每种田埂类型的100m长、1m宽样带上开展10分钟的目视调查。该调查同样在花混播主生育期内开展两次，且与田埂生境表征调查同期进行。

叶栖（leaf-dwelling）天敌与植食性昆虫采用规格为20cm×12.6cm的黄色粘虫板采样。每个样点共布设16块诱捕器：田埂的100m样带上布设4块，距田埂10m处的相邻作物区域布设4块。诱捕器在样带内间距20m布设，田间放置时长为7天，调查在花混播主生育期内开展两次。

地表栖（ground-dwelling）天敌采用聚丙烯烧杯（polypropylene beakers，直径12cm）制作的坑道诱捕器采样，烧杯内盛放200mL肥皂水。每个样点的诱捕器布设方式与粘虫板一致：田埂样带内4个、相邻作物区4个，总计16个诱捕器，间距20m，放置时长7天，调查同样在花混播主生育期内开展两次。

我们对沿相邻作物样带、每20m布设的4组5株分蘖（tillers）上的所有节肢动物（arthropods）进行计数与物种鉴定，每个样点总计调查80株分蘖。该调查在花混播主生育期内开展两次。

我们布设哨兵蚜虫卡（sentinel aphid cards）以估算蚜虫捕食速率：在相邻作物样带上每20m布设4组诱卡，每组包含2张地面层诱卡与2张植被层诱卡，每个样点总计32张诱卡。哨兵猎物卡在分蘖计数的第一次采样期间同步暴露，暴露24小时后回收并计数剩余蚜虫数量。

分解速率通过布设填充标准化诱饵混合物（bait mixture）的诱饵薄片条估算：在每条100m样带上每20m布设4组薄片条，每组内的薄片条间距20cm，每个样点总计80条薄片条。将薄片条埋入土中15天，该时长与所有调查的收尾阶段重合。暴露期结束后，记录被蛀穿的孔洞数量，并通过「被蛀穿孔洞数/总诱饵填充孔洞数」计算分解速率。

所有数据将按每个田埂生境与相邻作物区内的采样样本与调查轮次进行汇总。

如需进一步信息，可参阅Rodríguez-Gasol等人的论文"Perennial flower strips increase pollinator and natural enemy abundance but show limited efficacy in pest control for adjacent crops"中的方法部分。