Association of smoking with redox biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors in elder individuals

Abstract Background Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and is considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective To investigate the association of smoking with sex, redox metabolism and cardiometaboic risk factors of 381 elderly from the Family Health Strategy of Porto Alegre. Method To categorize smoking, followed by the recommendations of the Center for Disease Control (CDC). We studied the following oxidative stress markers investigated: advanced products of protein oxidation (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), the antioxidant capacity was measured by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP). Cardiometabolic risk factors were also evaluated. Results Regarding sex/smoking, women are more often non-smokers (P = 0.001). Former male smokers had higher concentrations of FRAP (P = 0.001), and smokers had higher concentration of NOx (0.012), lower average waist circumference-WC (P = 0.017), body mass index-BMI (P = 0.003) and increased HDL-c levels (P = 0.003). There were found significant results among women. Conclusion The elderly male smokers presented lower values of WC, BMI and HDL-c, but smokers presented increased NOx concentration, which is a oxidative stress biomarker associated with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the importance in preventing and adhering to smoking cessation to avoid cardiovascular comorbidities..【研究背景】吸烟是全球范围内可预防死亡的首要诱因，同时被视为心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease, CVD）的重要危险因素。 【研究目的】本研究旨在探讨吸烟与性别、氧化还原代谢，以及阿雷格里港家庭健康战略队列中381名老年人的心脏代谢危险因素之间的关联。 【研究方法】本研究参照美国疾病控制与预防中心（Center for Disease Control, CDC）的建议对吸烟状况进行分类。本研究检测了以下氧化应激标志物：蛋白质氧化晚期产物（advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP）、一氧化氮代谢物（nitric oxide metabolites, NOx），并采用血浆铁还原抗氧化能力（Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma, FRAP）法测定抗氧化能力；同时对心脏代谢危险因素进行了评估。 【研究结果】关于性别与吸烟的关联：女性更常为非吸烟者（P=0.001）。男性既往吸烟者的FRAP水平更高（P=0.001）；当前吸烟者的NOx浓度更高（P=0.012），平均腰围（waist circumference, WC）、体重指数（body mass index, BMI）更低（分别对应P=0.017、P=0.003），而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c）水平更高（P=0.003）。在女性群体中也观察到了具有统计学意义的关联结果。 【研究结论】男性老年吸烟者的WC、BMI及HDL-c水平更低，但吸烟者的NOx浓度升高，而NOx是与心血管疾病相关的氧化应激生物标志物。因此，强调预防吸烟与坚持戒烟对规避心血管合并症的重要性至关重要。