EQUIVALENCE AND ALTERNATIVE CORRESPONDENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH AGRICULTURAL TERMS INTO UZBEK

The article examines equivalence and alternative correspondence in translating English agricultural terminology into Uzbek. The study treats a term not as an isolated lexical item but as a designation of a specialized concept whose translation must preserve conceptual scope, functional value and accepted usage within the target-language professional community. The analysis combines terminological, comparative-semantic and contextual methods and draws on current terminology standards, multilingual agricultural resources and recent Uzbek scholarship. A pilot sample of English terms from crop production, soil science, irrigation, plant protection, livestock production and agrotechnology is classified according to translation type: established full equivalent, contextual or partial equivalent, descriptive equivalent, calque, borrowing/transliteration and hybrid solution. The findings show that direct equivalence is highly effective for stable traditional concepts, whereas rapidly developing technological terminology often requires descriptive, borrowed or hybrid forms. Particular attention is paid to polysemy, semantic narrowing and broadening, variation among competing Uzbek forms, and the need to distinguish literal similarity from conceptual equivalence. The article proposes a practical decision sequence for translators: identify the concept and subdomain, verify the English term in authoritative terminology resources, search for an established Uzbek equivalent, compare definitions and usage contexts, and only then select a normalized alternative. The results support systematic terminology management and the development of consistent English-Uzbek agricultural glossaries.