Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a literature review

ABSTRACT Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a modality of extracorporeal life support that allows for temporary support in pulmonary and/or cardiac failure refractory to conventional therapy. Since the first descriptions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, significant improvements have occurred in the device and the management of patients and, consequently, in the outcomes of critically ill patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Many important studies about the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome refractory to conventional clinical support, under in-hospital cardiac arrest and with cardiogenic refractory shock have been published in recent years. The objective of this literature review is to present the theoretical and practical aspects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for respiratory and/or cardiac functions in critically ill patients.

摘要：体外膜肺氧合（Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation）是一种体外生命支持手段，可为经传统治疗无效的肺功能衰竭和/或心功能衰竭患者提供临时支持。自体外膜肺氧合技术首次被报道以来，相关设备、患者管理方案均取得了显著进展，重症患者接受体外膜肺氧合治疗期间的临床结局也随之改善。近年来，诸多针对经传统临床支持无效的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者、院内心搏骤停患者以及心源性难治性休克患者使用体外膜肺氧合的重要研究相继发表。本综述旨在阐述重症患者接受体外膜肺氧合呼吸与/或循环功能支持的理论与实践要点。